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Semiconductor Technology

Analysis on the Characters of SAGM Single-Photon Detectors in Quantum Communication

Yu Li

Published Jan 1, 2006• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The super characters of InGaAs/InP SAGM-APD in infrared communication wave-lengths were analyzed. The key parameters in practical use and some issues in design were pointedout. The so-called Geiger mode for detecting single-photon at 800～1700 nm was used, and someremarkable problems were introduced. The principal and scheme of gated-mode quench circuit for thequantum key distribution, and the suppressing of transient signals by the use of coincidence circuitwere described.

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Single photon detection used in quantum communication

Haiqiang Ma

In order to improve the sensitivity of single-photon detection systems,InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiode(InGaAs/InP APD) is used in the design of single photon detector of quantum communication.Single photon detector bias generation circuit in gate pulse mode,single-photon signal amplification circuit,single photon signal detection circuit and temperature control module were realized.By selecting high-precision OP37 preamplifier and precision comparator AD8561,quantum efficiency was increased to 18.3%,dark count was controlled within 4.1 × 10-6/ns.

Journal of Applied Optics•Jan 1, 2010•0 citations

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In our experiment, two InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiodes (APD) were used in the quantum key distribution (QKD) system for single-photon detection at telecom communication wavelength (1310/1550 nm). By using properly designed passive-quenching circuit, the photo-detection efficiency of the APD could reach 10% at 1550 nm. In order to decrease the dark count rate efficiently, we designed a coincident counting circuits for single-photon detection. Before the APD signals were sent to the signal processing circuit, the avalanche signals were amplified and shaped into the TTL pulses. In order to obtain an accurate and efficient data acquisition and to transfer synchronically several signals such as the TTL signals and pulses from Random generators, we designed a signal processing circuit with the parallel port whose speed limitation is about 100Kb/s. In our experiments of single-photon interference and quantum cryptography, the electronic designs presented us satisfactory performance and results. To achieve much higher speed for the data acquisition, we also employed the Universal Serial Bus System (USB2.0) to interface our single-photon avalanche detectors and random generators used in our QKD system, which was believed to improve the performance of QKD such as the key distribution speed.

Frontiers in Optics•Jan 1, 2003•0 citations

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International Conference on Computer and Communication Engineering•May 1, 2010•2 citations

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Guang Wu, Chunyuan Zhou, Xiuliang Chen +2 more

In our recent experiment, we have designed a novel single-photon detecting module for quantum key distribution using an InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiode with gate-mode quenched photo-detection. At a repetition rate of 100 kHz and the working temperature of -60°C, we obtained the detection efficiency η higher than 10% and 20% at the dark probability Pd about 1.3×10-5 and 1.6×10-5 per nanosecond, respectively. Also at 100 kHz, we got the best ratio of Pd/η as 1.7×10-3 per pulse (20 ns). And at a lower repetition such as 10 kHz, we obtained Pd/η as 8.9×10-4 per pulse.

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•May 12, 2004•2 citations
The super characters of InGaAs/InP SAGM-APD in infrared communication wave-lengths were analyzed. The key parameters in practical use and some issues in design were pointedout. The so-called Geiger mode for detecting single-photon at 800～1700 nm was used, and someremarkable problems were introduced. The principal and scheme of gated-mode quench circuit for thequantum key distribution, and the suppressing of transient signals by the use of coincidence circuitwere described.
In order to improve the sensitivity of single-photon detection systems,InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiode(InGaAs/InP APD) is used in the design of single photon detector of quantum communication.Single photon detector bias generation circuit in gate pulse mode,single-photon signal amplification circuit,single photon signal detection circuit and temperature control module were realized.By selecting high-precision OP37 preamplifier and precision comparator AD8561,quantum efficiency was increased to 18.3%,dark count was controlled within 4.1 × 10-6/ns.
In our experiment, two InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiodes (APD) were used in the quantum key distribution (QKD) system for single-photon detection at telecom communication wavelength (1310/1550 nm). By using properly designed passive-quenching circuit, the photo-detection efficiency of the APD could reach 10% at 1550 nm. In order to decrease the dark count rate efficiently, we designed a coincident counting circuits for single-photon detection. Before the APD signals were sent to the signal processing circuit, the avalanche signals were amplified and shaped into the TTL pulses. In order to obtain an accurate and efficient data acquisition and to transfer synchronically several signals such as the TTL signals and pulses from Random generators, we designed a signal processing circuit with the parallel port whose speed limitation is about 100Kb/s. In our experiments of single-photon interference and quantum cryptography, the electronic designs presented us satisfactory performance and results. To achieve much higher speed for the data acquisition, we also employed the Universal Serial Bus System (USB2.0) to interface our single-photon avalanche detectors and random generators used in our QKD system, which was believed to improve the performance of QKD such as the key distribution speed.
According to the requirements and the characteristics of the InGaAsP/InP avalanche photodiode for single photon detection at infrared wavelengths,the relation between the various gate-mode parameters had been analyzed by the mathematics model and simulation,which provided a reference for the selection of the gate-mode parameters.The result proved that the choice of the bias voltage,the width and the period of the gated pulse was very important to improve the performance of the detector.Based on the simulation,a relatively complete single-photon detector circuit was presented,which can produce the TTL signal for each detected photon.
Modeling and design of a single photon detector and its various characteristics are presented. It is a type of avalanche photo diode (APD) designed to suit the requirements of a Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) detection system. The device is modeled to operate in a gated mode at liquid nitrogen temperature for minimum noise and maximum gain. Different types of APDs are compared for best performance. The APD is part of an optical communication link, which is a private channel to transmit the key signal. The encrypted message is sent via a public channel. The optical link operates at a wavelength of 1.55μm. The design is based on InGaAs with a quantum efficiency of more than 75% and a multiplication factor of 1000. The calculated dark current is below 10-12A with an overall signal to noise ratio better than 18 dB. The device sensitivity is better than -40 dBm, which is more than an order of magnitude higher than the dark current, corresponding to a detection sensitivity of two photons in pico-second pulses.
In our recent experiment, we have designed a novel single-photon detecting module for quantum key distribution using an InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiode with gate-mode quenched photo-detection. At a repetition rate of 100 kHz and the working temperature of -60°C, we obtained the detection efficiency η higher than 10% and 20% at the dark probability Pd about 1.3×10-5 and 1.6×10-5 per nanosecond, respectively. Also at 100 kHz, we got the best ratio of Pd/η as 1.7×10-3 per pulse (20 ns). And at a lower repetition such as 10 kHz, we obtained Pd/η as 8.9×10-4 per pulse.