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Journal of Huzhou Teachers College

On Laser-induced Population Transfer

WU Ya-n

Published Jan 1, 2007• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

This paper reviews some basic techniques and theories for laser-induced incoherent population transfer schemes and resonant coherent excitation. By numerical simulations based on self-consistent set of density matrix equations and Maxwell equations, the authors have found this control can be achievable with great robustness and efficiency in nanosecond time scale using two pulses with proper selection of sequence timing to prepare the state for coherence superposition and population transfer with effective suppression of spontaneous emission.

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This paper reviews some basic techniques and theories for laser-induced incoherent population transfer schemes and resonant coherent excitation. By numerical simulations based on self-consistent set of density matrix equations and Maxwell equations, the authors have found this control can be achievable with great robustness and efficiency in nanosecond time scale using two pulses with proper selection of sequence timing to prepare the state for coherence superposition and population transfer with effective suppression of spontaneous emission.
Two approaches of achieving population transfer and coherence are investigated for the three-level Λ system in the adiabatic limit. The effects of the laser pulse sequence on the population transfer efficiency and coherence are studied. Coherent control of quantum state and population is studied by numerical simulation based on self-consistent set of density matrix equations. It can be seen that the counterintuitive pulse sequence is more efficient in population transfer and coherence than the intuitive one.
Robust control of atomic coherence and population transfer among Zeeman sublevel s in the ground states of atom is investigated theoretically using adiabatic rap id passage on a nanosecond time scale. It is shown that a slight change in the p ump pulse time delay relative to the Stokes pulse leads to a significant modific ation of atomic coherence and population transfer. This coherence control of qua ntum state and population is presented by numerical simulations based on self-co nsistent set of density matrix equations and Maxwell equations.
It introduced several methods to transfer population,including two-level system and three-level system, and gave some comparisons on transfer efficiency and transfer velocity of them in theory. It is shown that population transfer by coherent pulse sequence is better than incoherence one. Numerical simulation results showed that when using Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Rapid Passage (STIRAP), in which the pump laser pulse fully overlaps the Stokes pulse with the Stokes preceding the pump, population can be transferred completely and rapidly. Robust control of population transfer among Zeeman sublevels in the ground states of three-level system is investigated using adiabatic rapid passage in theory. The laser pulse widths are supposed to be short compared to the lifetime of the excited level, which means adiabatic. We demonstrated that techniques of STIRAP can be found to optimize population transfer in the ground states of three-level Λ system.
Highly efficient and selective population transfer in NO molecules in the electronic ground state (X2{\mathit{X}}^{2}X2${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Pi}}}_{1/2}$) from the vibrational level v''=0 to the level v''=6 is demonstrated. It shows, for the first time with pulsed lasers, that a rather generally applicable scheme for complete control over the level population in atoms and molecules is now available. The efficiency relies on a counterintuitive interaction sequence of two lasers with the molecule in a process of stimulated Raman scattering involving adiabatic passage.
Coherent manipulations of atoms using laser light The internal structure of a particle - an atom or other quantum system in which the excitation energies are discrete - undergoes change when exposed to pulses of near-resonant laser light. This tutorial review presents basic concepts of quantum states, of laser radiation and of the Hilbert-space statevector that provides the theoretical portrait of probability amplitudes - the tools for quantifying quantum properties not only of individual atoms and molecules but also of artificial atoms and other quantum systems. It discusses the equations of motion that describe the laser-induced changes (coherent excitation), and gives examples of laser-pulse effects, with particular emphasis on two-state and three-state adiabatic time evolution within the rotating-wave approximation. It provides pictorial descriptions of excitation based on the Bloch equations that allow visualization of two-state excitation as motion of a three-dimensional vector (the Bloch vector). Other visualization techniques allow portrayal of more elaborate systems, particularly the Hilbert-space motion of adiabatic states subject to various pulse sequences. Various more general multilevel systems receive treatment that includes degeneracies, chains and loop linkages. The concluding sections discuss techniques for creating arbitrary pre-assigned quantum states, for manipulating them into alternative coherent superpositions and for analyzing an unknown superposition. Appendices review some basic mathematical concepts and provide further details of the theoretical formalism, including photons, pulse propagation, statistical averages, analytic solutions to the equations of motion, exact solutions of periodic Hamiltonians, and population-trapping "dark" states.
The basic technique of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage for laser-induced adiabatic population transfer between discrete quantum states of an asymmetric double quantum well has been used in our study. The results show that the proper time-delay, overlap, and detuning of two pulses allows the coherent transfer between the states of a double quantum well system, leading to the possibility of implementation of semiconductor–based quantum logic gates and high efficiency optical switches. The impact of phase relaxation on the population transfer efficiency is also studied.