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Journal of Atomic and Molecular Physics

Several methods of population transfer and comparisons of them

Chen Shou-chuan

Published Jan 1, 2007• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

It introduced several methods to transfer population,including two-level system and three-level system, and gave some comparisons on transfer efficiency and transfer velocity of them in theory. It is shown that population transfer by coherent pulse sequence is better than incoherence one. Numerical simulation results showed that when using Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Rapid Passage (STIRAP), in which the pump laser pulse fully overlaps the Stokes pulse with the Stokes preceding the pump, population can be transferred completely and rapidly. Robust control of population transfer among Zeeman sublevels in the ground states of three-level system is investigated using adiabatic rapid passage in theory. The laser pulse widths are supposed to be short compared to the lifetime of the excited level, which means adiabatic. We demonstrated that techniques of STIRAP can be found to optimize population transfer in the ground states of three-level Λ system.

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The technique of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) has become an established procedure for producing complete population inversion in atoms or molecules via application of Stokes and pump pulses in a counterintuitive sequence. Previously we reported on numerical and analytical investigations showing some of the additional and important phenomena that arise when some of the levels involved have nonzero angular momentum, the field polarization directions have no simplifying symmetries, and Zeeman splitting lifts the magnetic sublevel degeneracy. Here we verify our theoretical findings using the metastable neon system: $^{3}$${\mathit{P}}_{0}$${\mathrm{?}}^{3}$${\mathit{P}}_{1}$${\mathrm{?}}^{3}$${\mathit{P}}_{2}$ with the corresponding angular momentum sequence J=0?J=1?J=2. In particular, we demonstrate that it is possible to transfer all population from the single initial state to any single selectable final magnetic sublevel M. Selectivity can be achieved either by choosing special laser polarization angles or, for fixed polarizations, by tuning the two lasers into two-photon resonance between the initial and desired final state. The complete control of magnetic sublevel population enabled by this procedure extends the customary experimental methods for producing oriented or aligned beams of atoms. In addition, we demonstrate very clearly the previous prediction that population transfer may fail for certain sets of parameters (detunings, Rabi frequencies, and polarization angles). \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.

Physical Review A•Aug 1, 1996•108 citations
It introduced several methods to transfer population,including two-level system and three-level system, and gave some comparisons on transfer efficiency and transfer velocity of them in theory. It is shown that population transfer by coherent pulse sequence is better than incoherence one. Numerical simulation results showed that when using Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Rapid Passage (STIRAP), in which the pump laser pulse fully overlaps the Stokes pulse with the Stokes preceding the pump, population can be transferred completely and rapidly. Robust control of population transfer among Zeeman sublevels in the ground states of three-level system is investigated using adiabatic rapid passage in theory. The laser pulse widths are supposed to be short compared to the lifetime of the excited level, which means adiabatic. We demonstrated that techniques of STIRAP can be found to optimize population transfer in the ground states of three-level Λ system.
Population transfer in a three-level Λ system is simulated numerically and optimized. Almost complete population transfer from |1⟩ to |3⟩ is achieved by a genetic algorithm while the population in state |2⟩ reached minimum over the entire evolution at the same time. The result shows that the optimal pulse sequence is the well-known stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) scheme. The detuning of pump pulse and Stokes pulse Δ p and Δ s with the opposite sign and the chirps χ p and χ s with the same sign are in favour of the complete and robust population transfer for few-cycle laser pulse. Rabi frequencies Ω p and Ω s have insensitive effects on the complete population transfer during a large scope of their ratio when they are large enough.
Population transfer in a three-level A system is simulated numerically and optimized. Almost complete population transfer from |1) to |3) is achieved by a genetic algorithm while the population in state |2) reached minimum over the entire evolution at the same time. The result shows that the optimal pulse sequence is the well-known stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) scheme. The detuning of pump pulse and Stokes pulse Δp and Δs with the opposite sign and the chirps χp and χs with the same sign are in favour of the complete and robust population transfer for few-cycle laser pulse. Rabi frequencies Ωp and Ωs have insensitive effects on the complete population transfer during a large scope of their ratio when they are large enough.
Abstract We consider coherent population transfer in multilevel quantum systems driven by time-delayed pulse trains. We show how to choose the parameters of the trains so that the population dynamics tracks the behavior of a Λ-type three-level system under stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP). Efficient population transfer can be achieved regardless of the order and with or without overlap of the pump and the Stokes sub-pulses of the trains. Generalized STIRAP schemes of population transfer in N -level system with sequential couplings are also examined. The mechanism of the population transfer and the robustness of the proposed schemes are discussed.
STIRAP (stimulated Raman adiabatic passage) has proven to be an efficient and robust technique for transferring population in a three-level system without populating the intermediate state. Here we show that the counterintuitive pulse sequence in STIRAP, in which the Stokes pulse precedes the pump, emerges automatically from a variant of optimal control theory we have previously called ``local'' optimization. Since local optimization is a well-defined, automated computational procedure, this opens the door to automated computation of generalized STIRAP schemes in arbitrarily complicated NNN-level coupling situations. If the coupling is sequential, a simple qualitative extension of STIRAP emerges: the Stokes pulse precedes the pump as in the three-level system. But, in addition, spanning both the Stokes and pump pulses are pulses corresponding to the transitions between the $N\ensuremath{-}2$ intermediate states with intensities about an order of magnitude greater than those of the Stokes and pump pulses. This scheme is amazingly robust, leading to almost 100% population transfer with significantly less population transfer to the $N\ensuremath{-}2$ intermediate states than in previously proposed extensions of STIRAP.
Stimulated Raman scattering involving adiabatic passage (STIRAP) is a proven technique for population transfer in three-level systems with strong oscillator strengths. We show that the STIRAP process should also yield high transfer efficiencies when the densities of states near the intermediate and final levels are high, provided certain criteria for the experimentally controllable parameters are met. We also show that high transfer efficiencies may even be possible when the pump and Stokes lasers can access levels outside of the three-level system. The criteria are derived with an approach that emphasizes the adiabatic nature of the transfer process in an eigenvector of the interaction Hamiltonian that resembles a trapped state. The results are compared to density matrix calculations.
The technique of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) has become an established procedure for producing complete population inversion in atoms or molecules via application of Stokes and pump pulses in a counterintuitive sequence. Previously we reported on numerical and analytical investigations showing some of the additional and important phenomena that arise when some of the levels involved have nonzero angular momentum, the field polarization directions have no simplifying symmetries, and Zeeman splitting lifts the magnetic sublevel degeneracy. Here we verify our theoretical findings using the metastable neon system: 3^{3}3P0{\mathit{P}}_{0}P0​?3{\mathrm{?}}^{3}?3P1{\mathit{P}}_{1}P1​?3{\mathrm{?}}^{3}?3P2{\mathit{P}}_{2}P2​ with the corresponding angular momentum sequence J=0?J=1?J=2. In particular, we demonstrate that it is possible to transfer all population from the single initial state to any single selectable final magnetic sublevel M. Selectivity can be achieved either by choosing special laser polarization angles or, for fixed polarizations, by tuning the two lasers into two-photon resonance between the initial and desired final state. The complete control of magnetic sublevel population enabled by this procedure extends the customary experimental methods for producing oriented or aligned beams of atoms. In addition, we demonstrate very clearly the previous prediction that population transfer may fail for certain sets of parameters (detunings, Rabi frequencies, and polarization angles). \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.