Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Journal of Modern Optics

Control of population and atomic coherence by adiabatic rapid passage and optimization of coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering signal by maximal coherence

C. Y. Ye, Vladimir A. Sautenkov, Yuri V. Rostovtsev, George R. Welch, Marlan O. Scully

Published Nov 1, 2004• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Robust control of atomic coherence and population transfer among Zeeman sublevels in the ground states of rubidium atom is investigated using adiabatic rapid passage in a nanosecond time scale, which is smaller than the lifetime of first excited Rb. It is shown that a slight change in the pump pulse time delay relative to the Stokes pulse leads to a significant modification of atomic coherence and population transfer, consequently having remarkable impacts on the generation of coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) signal and probe pulse absorption. This coherent control of quantum state and population is presented by numerical simulations based on self-consistent set of density matrix equations and Maxwell equations as well as experimental demonstration in rubidium atom with different atomic densities. Experimental observations are in good agreement with numerical calculations.

DOI
10.1080/09500340408231814

Related papers

Control of population and atomic coherence by adiabatic rapid passage

Yanwei Zhou, Ye Cun-Yun, Qiang Lin +1 more

Robust control of atomic coherence and population transfer among Zeeman sublevel s in the ground states of atom is investigated theoretically using adiabatic rap id passage on a nanosecond time scale. It is shown that a slight change in the p ump pulse time delay relative to the Stokes pulse leads to a significant modific ation of atomic coherence and population transfer. This coherence control of qua ntum state and population is presented by numerical simulations based on self-co nsistent set of density matrix equations and Maxwell equations.

Acta Physica Sinica•Jan 1, 2005•2 citations

Several methods of population transfer and comparisons of them

Chen Shou-chuan

It introduced several methods to transfer population,including two-level system and three-level system, and gave some comparisons on transfer efficiency and transfer velocity of them in theory. It is shown that population transfer by coherent pulse sequence is better than incoherence one. Numerical simulation results showed that when using Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Rapid Passage (STIRAP), in which the pump laser pulse fully overlaps the Stokes pulse with the Stokes preceding the pump, population can be transferred completely and rapidly. Robust control of population transfer among Zeeman sublevels in the ground states of three-level system is investigated using adiabatic rapid passage in theory. The laser pulse widths are supposed to be short compared to the lifetime of the excited level, which means adiabatic. We demonstrated that techniques of STIRAP can be found to optimize population transfer in the ground states of three-level Λ system.

Journal of Atomic and Molecular Physics•Jan 1, 2007•0 citations

Observation of CARS signal via maximal atomic coherence prepared by F-STIRAP in a three-level atomic system

Xiaoli Song, Lei Wang, Rui-Zhu Lin +4 more

We control the atomic coherence and the population transfer among Rb hyperfine atomic levels by the fractional stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (F-STIRAP) in a L-type configuration, and verify the theoretical predictions. Applying this technique, we are able to prepare the atoms with maximal coherence to enhance coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) signal. In our experiment by scanning the frequency of one laser from 794.9839 nm to 794.9844 nm with the 794.9698 nm laser frequency fixed to generate a maximum of the CARS signal we are able to obtain the energy level diagram of the sample.

Optics Express•Jan 1, 2007•4 citations

Enhancement of field generation via maximal atomic coherence prepared by fast adiabatic passage in Rb vapor

Vladimir A. Sautenkov, C. Y. Ye, Yuri V. Rostovtsev +2 more

We have experimentally demonstrated the enhancement of coherent Raman scattering in $\mathrm{Rb}$ atomic vapor by exciting maximal atomic coherence with fractional stimulated Raman adiabatic passage. Experimental results are in good agreement with numerical simulations. The results support the possibility of increasing the sensitivity of coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy by preparing maximal atomic or molecular coherence using short pulses.

arXiv:quant-ph/0311076•Physical Review A•Sep 21, 2004•53 citations

Chirped Pulse Control of Raman Coherence in Atoms and Molecules

Jabir Chathanathil, Svetlana Malinovskaya

A novel chirped pulse control scheme is presented based on Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy (C-CARS) aiming at maximizing the vibrational coherence in atoms and molecules. The scheme utilizes chirping of the three incoming pulses, the pump, the Stokes and the probe, in the four-wave mixing process of C-CARS to fulfill the adiabatic passage conditions. The derivation of the scheme is based on simplifying the four-level system into a 'super-effective' two level system via rotating wave approximation and adiabatic elimination of the excited state manifold. The robustness, spectral selectivity and adiabatic nature of C-CARS method may prove useful for sensing, imaging, and detection. It is demonstrated that the selectivity in excitation of vibrational degrees of freedom can be controlled by carefully choosing the spectral chirp rate of the pulses. The C-CARS control scheme is applied to a surrogate methanol molecule to generate an optimal anti-Stokes signal backscattered from a cloud of molecules a kilometer away. The theory is based on the solution of the coupled Maxwell-Liouville von Neumann equations and focuses on the quantum effects induced in the target molecules by the control pulse trains. The propagation effects of pulses through the medium are evaluated and the buildup of the molecular-specific anti-Stokes signal is demonstrated numerically. A deep learning technique, using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), is implemented to characterize the control pulses and evaluate time-dependent phase characteristics from them. The effects of decoherence induced by spontaneous decay and collisional dephasing are also examined. Additionally, we present the technique of Fractional Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage (F-STIRAP) and demonstrate that it can be utilized for remote detection in a multi-level system by creation of a maximally coherent superposition state.

arXiv:2309.01232•Sep 3, 2023•0 citations

Effects of phase and coupling between the vibrational modes on selective excitation in coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy

Vishesha Patel, Vladimir S. Malinovsky, Svetlana Malinovskaya

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy has been a major tool of investigation of biological structures as it contains the vibrational signature of molecules. A quantum control method based on chirped pulse adiabatic passage was recently proposed for selective excitation of a predetermined vibrational mode in CARS microscopy [Malinovskaya and Malinovsky, Opt. Lett. 32, 707 (2007)]. The method utilizes the chirp sign variation at the peak pulse amplitude and gives a robust adiabatic excitation of the desired vibrational mode. Using this method, we investigate the impact of coupling between vibrational modes in molecules on controllability of excitation of the CARS signal. We analyze two models of two coupled two-level systems (TLSs) having slightly different transitional frequencies. The first model, featuring degenerate ground states of the TLSs, gives robust adiabatic excitation and maximum coherence in the resonant TLS for positive value of the chirp. In the second model, implying nondegenerate ground states in the TLSs, a population distribution is observed in both TLSs, resulting in a lack of selectivity of excitation and low coherence. It is shown that the relative phase and coupling between the TLSs play an important role in optimizing coherence in the desired vibrational mode and suppressing unwanted transitions in CARS microscopy.

Physical Review A•Jun 8, 2010•13 citations
Robust control of atomic coherence and population transfer among Zeeman sublevels in the ground states of rubidium atom is investigated using adiabatic rapid passage in a nanosecond time scale, which is smaller than the lifetime of first excited Rb. It is shown that a slight change in the pump pulse time delay relative to the Stokes pulse leads to a significant modification of atomic coherence and population transfer, consequently having remarkable impacts on the generation of coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) signal and probe pulse absorption. This coherent control of quantum state and population is presented by numerical simulations based on self-consistent set of density matrix equations and Maxwell equations as well as experimental demonstration in rubidium atom with different atomic densities. Experimental observations are in good agreement with numerical calculations.
Robust control of atomic coherence and population transfer among Zeeman sublevel s in the ground states of atom is investigated theoretically using adiabatic rap id passage on a nanosecond time scale. It is shown that a slight change in the p ump pulse time delay relative to the Stokes pulse leads to a significant modific ation of atomic coherence and population transfer. This coherence control of qua ntum state and population is presented by numerical simulations based on self-co nsistent set of density matrix equations and Maxwell equations.
It introduced several methods to transfer population,including two-level system and three-level system, and gave some comparisons on transfer efficiency and transfer velocity of them in theory. It is shown that population transfer by coherent pulse sequence is better than incoherence one. Numerical simulation results showed that when using Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Rapid Passage (STIRAP), in which the pump laser pulse fully overlaps the Stokes pulse with the Stokes preceding the pump, population can be transferred completely and rapidly. Robust control of population transfer among Zeeman sublevels in the ground states of three-level system is investigated using adiabatic rapid passage in theory. The laser pulse widths are supposed to be short compared to the lifetime of the excited level, which means adiabatic. We demonstrated that techniques of STIRAP can be found to optimize population transfer in the ground states of three-level Λ system.
We control the atomic coherence and the population transfer among Rb hyperfine atomic levels by the fractional stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (F-STIRAP) in a L-type configuration, and verify the theoretical predictions. Applying this technique, we are able to prepare the atoms with maximal coherence to enhance coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) signal. In our experiment by scanning the frequency of one laser from 794.9839 nm to 794.9844 nm with the 794.9698 nm laser frequency fixed to generate a maximum of the CARS signal we are able to obtain the energy level diagram of the sample.
We have experimentally demonstrated the enhancement of coherent Raman scattering in Rb\mathrm{Rb}Rb atomic vapor by exciting maximal atomic coherence with fractional stimulated Raman adiabatic passage. Experimental results are in good agreement with numerical simulations. The results support the possibility of increasing the sensitivity of coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy by preparing maximal atomic or molecular coherence using short pulses.
A novel chirped pulse control scheme is presented based on Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy (C-CARS) aiming at maximizing the vibrational coherence in atoms and molecules. The scheme utilizes chirping of the three incoming pulses, the pump, the Stokes and the probe, in the four-wave mixing process of C-CARS to fulfill the adiabatic passage conditions. The derivation of the scheme is based on simplifying the four-level system into a 'super-effective' two level system via rotating wave approximation and adiabatic elimination of the excited state manifold. The robustness, spectral selectivity and adiabatic nature of C-CARS method may prove useful for sensing, imaging, and detection. It is demonstrated that the selectivity in excitation of vibrational degrees of freedom can be controlled by carefully choosing the spectral chirp rate of the pulses. The C-CARS control scheme is applied to a surrogate methanol molecule to generate an optimal anti-Stokes signal backscattered from a cloud of molecules a kilometer away. The theory is based on the solution of the coupled Maxwell-Liouville von Neumann equations and focuses on the quantum effects induced in the target molecules by the control pulse trains. The propagation effects of pulses through the medium are evaluated and the buildup of the molecular-specific anti-Stokes signal is demonstrated numerically. A deep learning technique, using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), is implemented to characterize the control pulses and evaluate time-dependent phase characteristics from them. The effects of decoherence induced by spontaneous decay and collisional dephasing are also examined. Additionally, we present the technique of Fractional Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage (F-STIRAP) and demonstrate that it can be utilized for remote detection in a multi-level system by creation of a maximally coherent superposition state.
Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy has been a major tool of investigation of biological structures as it contains the vibrational signature of molecules. A quantum control method based on chirped pulse adiabatic passage was recently proposed for selective excitation of a predetermined vibrational mode in CARS microscopy [Malinovskaya and Malinovsky, Opt. Lett. 32, 707 (2007)]. The method utilizes the chirp sign variation at the peak pulse amplitude and gives a robust adiabatic excitation of the desired vibrational mode. Using this method, we investigate the impact of coupling between vibrational modes in molecules on controllability of excitation of the CARS signal. We analyze two models of two coupled two-level systems (TLSs) having slightly different transitional frequencies. The first model, featuring degenerate ground states of the TLSs, gives robust adiabatic excitation and maximum coherence in the resonant TLS for positive value of the chirp. In the second model, implying nondegenerate ground states in the TLSs, a population distribution is observed in both TLSs, resulting in a lack of selectivity of excitation and low coherence. It is shown that the relative phase and coupling between the TLSs play an important role in optimizing coherence in the desired vibrational mode and suppressing unwanted transitions in CARS microscopy.