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Journal of Xidian University

A scheme for quantum local area networks and performance analysis

Changhua Zhu

Published Jan 1, 2006• 2 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

This paper presents a scheme for Quantum Local Area Networks(QLAN) based on entanglement swapping and classical switching,in which the Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection(CSMA/CD) protocol is applied to implement multiple users communication,the message on building and releasing channel,etc.is transferred by the classical switch,and the entanglement of photons between sender and receiver is built by entanglement swapping and quantum information is transferred by the principle of quantum teleportation.Performance analysis results show that the throughput of QLAN increases greatly with higher probabilities with which entanglement is built between sender's photons and receiver's photons,the sender finishes the joint Bell state measurement successfully and the receiver detects the sender's qubit information,respectively.

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Acta Physica Sinica•Jan 1, 2015•1 citation
This paper presents a scheme for Quantum Local Area Networks(QLAN) based on entanglement swapping and classical switching,in which the Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection(CSMA/CD) protocol is applied to implement multiple users communication,the message on building and releasing channel,etc.is transferred by the classical switch,and the entanglement of photons between sender and receiver is built by entanglement swapping and quantum information is transferred by the principle of quantum teleportation.Performance analysis results show that the throughput of QLAN increases greatly with higher probabilities with which entanglement is built between sender's photons and receiver's photons,the sender finishes the joint Bell state measurement successfully and the receiver detects the sender's qubit information,respectively.
A scheme of long-distance quantum communication system based on entangled photon pairs is presented,which utilize entanglement as its essential resource.This entanglement enables phenomena such as quantum teleportation and perfectly secure quantum communication.The quantum repeater extends the length of the entangled photon pairs with high fidelity,the entanglement of photons between sender and receiver is built by entanglement swapping and entanglement purification.The quantum information is transferred by the principle of quantum teleportation.Performance analysis results show that the throughput quantum communication system of increases greatly with higher probabilities with which entanglement is built between sender's photons and receiver's photons.The transmitting distance of the quantum signal was determined by the series of the quantum repeater nodes.
This paper puts forward a quantum signaling switch model. The quantum signaling switch consists of a classical information control module, an exchange control module and a quantum exchange module. Classical control module transmits the initial entangled state information to the entanglement measurement and switching unit and updates the routing information. Exchange control module will choose the path, and is ready for the distribution channel of the entanglement photons. The quantum exchange module generates quantum entanglement pairs, measures the Bell state and achieves entanglement swapping. Quantum signaling switches can realize multi-user communication and local area network communication. Through the performance analysis and simulation of the switch, the results show that the switch is simple in structure, secure and easy to expand; also the time delay is small. This will be helpful for the construction of the quantum communication network.
By using the order rearrangement of the single photon sequence and unitary transformations, a multiparty controlled quantum communication scheme for Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection(CSMA/CD) is presented.In this scheme, messages can only be recovered by the receivers with the permission of all controllers.It is shown that the security of messages transformation can be ensured and the performance of the proposed scheme enhances significantly since the collision can be avoided. In the communication network, transmitting messages from source to destination may traverse several intermediate nodes. For a long period of time, multiple authentications and secure communications between the sender and the receiver are needed for us to transmit messages. In the classical field, authentication provides only conditional security and classical channel cannot provide secure communication for liar detection.In the quantum field, multiple quantum entanglement pairs can be used for liar detection, In this paper, we design quantum authentication protocol and secure communication protocol by only using quantum channel. these protocols previously share a quantum key distribution to detect the dishonest node. The quantum Key distribution can promote authentication and secure communication for achieving higher liar detection probability. Index Terms—single photon sequence, CSMA/CD, multiparty control, quantum communication 1.
This article proposes a potential application of quantum key distribution in multiuser networks. In modern networks, variety of multiple access technologies are used for multiuser access purposes. In this article, we focus on a type of widely used media access control protocol—carrier-sense multiple access (CSMA) and analyze the use of carrier-sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) for the quantum key distribution in the network. The quantum key generation is based on a successful experiment that implemented the quantum key distribution by using the decoy-state method. The secret key generation rate as the main indicator of the performance is given, including the relationship between it and the number of stations in the network, and the relationship between the key generation rate and the transmission distance under the multiple access condition as well. In addition, a multiple access quantum key distribution with channel detection protocol is also proposed.
A deterministic direct quantum communication protocol by using swapping quantum entanglement and local unitary operations is proposed in this paper. A set of ordered EPR pairs in one of the four Bell states is used. For each pair, each of the two legitimate users owns a photon of the entangled pair via quantum channel. The pairs are divided into two types of group, i.e., the checking groups and the encoding-decoding groups. In the checking groups, taking advantage of the swapping quantum entanglement and Alice's (the message sender's) public announcement, the eavesdropping can be detected provided that the number of the checking groups is big enough. After insuring the security of the quantum channel, Alice encodes her bits via the local unitary operations on the encoding-decoding groups. Then she performs her Bell measurements on her photons and publicly announces her measurement results. After her announcement, the message receiver Bob performs his Bell measurements on his photons and directly extracts the encoding bits by using the property of the quantum entanglement swapping. The security of the present scheme is also discussed: under the attack scenarios to our best knowledge, the scheme is secure.
Quantum entanglement swapping can be used to establish reliable quantum remote transmission channel so as to realize transmission of quantum states. However, the highly stable quantum network is required in the quantum channels when using quantum entanglement swapping, otherwise it will waste a lot of entanglement resources. In order to save entanglement resources, we have to put forward a kind of quantum communication network transmission protocol based on packet switching, according to the theory of quantum teleportation. Firstly, the principle of packet switching in computer network is introduced. Next we describe the implementation process of quantum network transmission protocols which are based on entanglement swapping and packet switching. We then analyze the reliability, security and utilization rate of entanglement of the protocol we have proposed. And after that the quantitative relationship about the number of entanglement quantum states, the number of routers and link error rates are calculated. Finally, we compare these two transmission protocols. Simulation results show that the number of entanglement for these two protocols is equal without consideration of the link errors. When taking them into account, the packet switching transmission protocol can save numbers of entanglement resources obviously. In addition, with the increase of number of routers and the rise in link error rates, the quantum communication network transmission protocol based on packet switching will need less entanglement resources than that based on entanglement swapping. Therefore, when the quantum transmission network is not stable, the packet switching transmission protocol has a better transmission performance, and it can be applied to the future construction of quantum network.