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Acta Physica Sinica

The model design and performance analysis of quantum signaling switch

Zhu Wei, Min Nie

Published Jan 1, 2013• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper puts forward a quantum signaling switch model. The quantum signaling switch consists of a classical information control module, an exchange control module and a quantum exchange module. Classical control module transmits the initial entangled state information to the entanglement measurement and switching unit and updates the routing information. Exchange control module will choose the path, and is ready for the distribution channel of the entanglement photons. The quantum exchange module generates quantum entanglement pairs, measures the Bell state and achieves entanglement swapping. Quantum signaling switches can realize multi-user communication and local area network communication. Through the performance analysis and simulation of the switch, the results show that the switch is simple in structure, secure and easy to expand; also the time delay is small. This will be helpful for the construction of the quantum communication network.

DOI
10.7498/aps.62.130304

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This paper presents a scheme for Quantum Local Area Networks(QLAN) based on entanglement swapping and classical switching,in which the Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection(CSMA/CD) protocol is applied to implement multiple users communication,the message on building and releasing channel,etc.is transferred by the classical switch,and the entanglement of photons between sender and receiver is built by entanglement swapping and quantum information is transferred by the principle of quantum teleportation.Performance analysis results show that the throughput of QLAN increases greatly with higher probabilities with which entanglement is built between sender's photons and receiver's photons,the sender finishes the joint Bell state measurement successfully and the receiver detects the sender's qubit information,respectively.
Quantum entanglement swapping can be used to establish reliable quantum remote transmission channel so as to realize transmission of quantum states. However, the highly stable quantum network is required in the quantum channels when using quantum entanglement swapping, otherwise it will waste a lot of entanglement resources. In order to save entanglement resources, we have to put forward a kind of quantum communication network transmission protocol based on packet switching, according to the theory of quantum teleportation. Firstly, the principle of packet switching in computer network is introduced. Next we describe the implementation process of quantum network transmission protocols which are based on entanglement swapping and packet switching. We then analyze the reliability, security and utilization rate of entanglement of the protocol we have proposed. And after that the quantitative relationship about the number of entanglement quantum states, the number of routers and link error rates are calculated. Finally, we compare these two transmission protocols. Simulation results show that the number of entanglement for these two protocols is equal without consideration of the link errors. When taking them into account, the packet switching transmission protocol can save numbers of entanglement resources obviously. In addition, with the increase of number of routers and the rise in link error rates, the quantum communication network transmission protocol based on packet switching will need less entanglement resources than that based on entanglement swapping. Therefore, when the quantum transmission network is not stable, the packet switching transmission protocol has a better transmission performance, and it can be applied to the future construction of quantum network.
In order to construct global quantum communication networks, we proposed the model of quantum satellite communications based on the distribution of entangled three-photon pairs. The entangled three-photon pairs are distributed to quantum ground stations, users, and satellites by an entangled photons preparation center. By performing a Bell-state measurement, the quantum communication links between different users is established first. The scheme of quantum repeating satellite based on the model is discussed and user splicing signaling process is presented then. The throughput of the system is analyzed. Simulation results show that the throughput of the system can help us to achieve long-distance quantum communications. Therefore, it can be used to build a global quantum communication network.
Aim To design multiuser quantum signaling network for the purpose of interworking with traditional communication network.Methods A multiuser quantum signaling network with multi-stages hierarchy level network topology is proposed and a quantum signaling system is introduced.Multi-classes quantum signaling transmission is based on quantum teleportation and entanglement swapping.Results SBER(Signaling Bit Error Rate) decreases with higher quantum channel coefficient or lower base angle offset,the transmission damage is mainly due to the quantum noise in the condition of base angle offset is below 6 degree,the relay mechanism can achieve higher reliability by decreasing SBER(Signaling Bit Error Rate).Conclusion The network has plain structure,high expandability,robust reliability.The mechanism of return route and relay can reduce the interference of quantum channel.
In order to improve the security and efficiency of quantum key distribution protocol,a protocol was proposed based on entanglement swapping.The two parties of communication establish the key by performing the Bell state measurement.No other people can get the key without being found.Different from the proposed protocol,the Bell measurement of any two Bell states can be realized to achieve the purpose of quantum key distribution.It does not need multi-particle entangled state but only EPR pair to realize the protocol.Analysis results showed that this protocol not only ensures the security of the quantum key shared information,but also uses the entanglement states of two photons without unitary operation. And the protocol is simple and efficient.
A quantum routing scheme is proposed to teleport a quantum state from one quantum device to another wirelessly,even though the two devices do not share EPR pairs mutually.The scheme is based on entanglement swapping and quantum teleportation.The model of quantum wireless communication network and correlative communication protocol is presented.In order to be compatible with the conventional wireless communication network,the network architecture of a twotier database structure is proposed.In terms of qubit transmission time and security,performance analysis results show that the proposed scheme is superior to quantum relay routing scheme.The proposed scheme has high scalability and practicability.