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Optics Express

Optimisation of amplitude limiters for phase preservation based on the exact solution to degenerate four-wave mixing

Kyle R. H. Bottrill, Graham Hesketh, Francesca R. Parmigiani, David John Richardson, Periklis Petropoulos

Published Feb 3, 2016• 14 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Adopting an exact solution to four-wave mixing (FWM), wherein harmonic evolution is described by the sum of two Bessel functions, we identify two causes of amplitude to phase noise conversion which impair FWM saturation based amplitude regenerators: self-phase modulation (SPM) and Bessel-order mixing (BOM). By increasing the pump to signal power ratio, we may arbitrarily reduce their impact, realising a phase preserving amplitude regenerator. We demonstrate the technique by applying it to the regeneration of a 10 GBaud QPSK signal, achieving a high level of amplitude squeezing with minimal amplitude to phase noise conversion.

DOI
10.1364/oe.24.002774

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Adopting an exact solution to four-wave mixing (FWM), wherein harmonic evolution is described by the sum of two Bessel functions, we identify two causes of amplitude to phase noise conversion which impair FWM saturation based amplitude regenerators: self-phase modulation (SPM) and Bessel-order mixing (BOM). By increasing the pump to signal power ratio, we may arbitrarily reduce their impact, realising a phase preserving amplitude regenerator. We demonstrate the technique by applying it to the regeneration of a 10 GBaud QPSK signal, achieving a high level of amplitude squeezing with minimal amplitude to phase noise conversion.
We propose and demonstrate a technique to obtain phase preservation in optical processing which is suitable for many four-wave mixing (FWM)-based processing devices, provided they may be modified to incorporate two conjugating FWM stages. It functions by using a first conjugating nonlinear stage to predistort the signal using self-phase modulation (SPM) such that when the signal undergoes further SPM in a second conjugating FWM stage, the two SPM contributions negate each other, resulting in phase preserving output. In this paper, we use the second stage to perform amplitude squeezing through parametric gain saturation and characterize the scheme by regenerating a QPSK signal contaminated with broadband amplitude noise. Experimental analysis of the system with and without predistortion is provided and phase preserving operation using the proposed scheme is confirmed.
The four-wave mixing (FWM)-based phase sensitive amplification (PSA) with pulsed signal input is investigated. A set of exact analytical solutions for the output amplitude and phase of PSA is derived, taking into account the pump depletion and the self- and cross-phase modulation (SPM and XPM) from pumps, signal and idler. Simplified analytical expression of output idler power is obtained, which shows that, the amplified signal/idler pulse will be compressed firstly due to the phase distortion of input signal, then will be broadened due to pump-depletion.
In this paper, we propose and demonstrate simultaneous phase regeneration of four different channels of QPSK signal based on phase sensitive amplification. The configuration can be divided into two parts. The first one uses four wave mixing in high nonlinear fiber (HNLF) to generate the corresponding three harmonic conjugates precisely at the frequency of the original signals. The other one uses optical combiner to realize coherent addition which is aimed at completely removing the interaction in phase regeneration stage. The simulation results suggest that this scheme can optimize signal constellation to a large extend especially in high noise environment. Besides, optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) can improve more than 3 dB while the bit-error-rate (BER) reaches 10 –3 with a constant white noise and 15° phase noise.
We investigate the phase squeezing performance of an all-optical black-box binary phase-shift keyed phase regenerator constructed from periodically-poled lithium-niobate (PPLN) waveguides. Phase regeneration is performed with different levels of phase noise and constant amplitude noise added to the phase modulated input. We experimentally show that, for moderate phase noise, unwanted phase-to-amplitude noise conversion can be minimized without degradation of the phase squeezing performance, by controlling the signal-to-pump power ratio at the input to the PPLN-based phase-sensitive regenerator.