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European Conference on Optical Communication

Phase and amplitude regeneration through sequential PSA and FWM saturation in HNLF

Kyle R. H. Bottrill, Francesca R. Parmigiani, Liam Jones, Graham Hesketh, David John Richardson, Periklis Petropoulos

Published Sep 1, 2015• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

All-optical phase and amplitude regeneration of a QPSK signal using only two nonlinear stages is achieved by combining a PSA with a saturated pump-degenerate FWM based amplitude squeezer. EVM, phase noise and magnitude noise are all reduced by 50%.
DOI
10.1109/ecoc.2015.7342009

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Adopting an exact solution to four-wave mixing (FWM), wherein harmonic evolution is described by the sum of two Bessel functions, we identify two causes of amplitude to phase noise conversion which impair FWM saturation based amplitude regenerators: self-phase modulation (SPM) and Bessel-order mixing (BOM). By increasing the pump to signal power ratio, we may arbitrarily reduce their impact, realising a phase preserving amplitude regenerator. We demonstrate the technique by applying it to the regeneration of a 10 GBaud QPSK signal, achieving a high level of amplitude squeezing with minimal amplitude to phase noise conversion.
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We propose and demonstrate a technique to obtain phase preservation in optical processing which is suitable for many four-wave mixing (FWM)-based processing devices, provided they may be modified to incorporate two conjugating FWM stages. It functions by using a first conjugating nonlinear stage to predistort the signal using self-phase modulation (SPM) such that when the signal undergoes further SPM in a second conjugating FWM stage, the two SPM contributions negate each other, resulting in phase preserving output. In this paper, we use the second stage to perform amplitude squeezing through parametric gain saturation and characterize the scheme by regenerating a QPSK signal contaminated with broadband amplitude noise. Experimental analysis of the system with and without predistortion is provided and phase preserving operation using the proposed scheme is confirmed.
Phase-sensitive amplifiers (PSAs) offer numerous advantages over phase-insensitive amplifiers in optical communications. Squeezing of optical phase through PSA can remove accumulated phase jitter, which is a critical functionality for an all- optical, phase-shift keyed network. In recent experiments, reviewed in this report, different implementations of PSA were used for phase regeneration of both return-to-zero differential phase-shift keying and nonreturn-to-zero differential phase-shift keying data. The first demonstration explored the properties and performance of PSA that occurs in nonlinear interferometers. Experiments confirmed that a PSA operating in the depleted pump regime provides simultaneous reduction of amplitude and phase noise (PN). Phase regeneration performance limit was reached as a consequence of pump-wave imperfections, which can be significantly reduced through proper design. PSA that occurs directly in fiber in a traveling-wave configuration through partially degenerate four-wave mixing was also studied. The latter implementation offers stronger phase-matched gain and suppression of amplitude-to-phase noise conversion. Technical issues that remain to be addressed are identified for each implementation. Results characterized using coherent detection offer direct measurements of the phase-regenerative behavior.