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Physical Review A

Electromagnetically-induced-transparency–like phenomenon with resonant meta-atoms in a cavity

Yueyun Hu, Wenxing Liu, Yong Sun, Xi Shi, Jun Jiang, Yaping Yang, Shi‐Yao Zhu, Jörg Evers, Hong Chen

Published Nov 9, 2015• 17 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We experimentally investigate a cavity in which two resonant meta-atoms are embedded. Its corresponding response spectrum to an incident microwave shows an electromagnetically-induced-transparency--like (EIT-like) phenomenon when the meta-atoms are arranged in the sequence node-antinode but not in the sequence antinode-node. We carry out in situ measurements of the cavity field to bring physical insight into this asymmetric response, and use the transfer matrix method joined with coupled-mode theory to give a quantitative analysis. Finally, we demonstrate the unidirectional EIT-like behavior in a two-port design. Our results may benefit novel nonreciprocal devices in the future by exploring the nonlinearity of the meta-atoms with this asymmetric arrangement.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.92.053824

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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Mar 6, 2014•1 citation
We experimentally investigate a cavity in which two resonant meta-atoms are embedded. Its corresponding response spectrum to an incident microwave shows an electromagnetically-induced-transparency--like (EIT-like) phenomenon when the meta-atoms are arranged in the sequence node-antinode but not in the sequence antinode-node. We carry out in situ measurements of the cavity field to bring physical insight into this asymmetric response, and use the transfer matrix method joined with coupled-mode theory to give a quantitative analysis. Finally, we demonstrate the unidirectional EIT-like behavior in a two-port design. Our results may benefit novel nonreciprocal devices in the future by exploring the nonlinearity of the meta-atoms with this asymmetric arrangement.
We study the spectra of collective low excitations of two atomic ensembles which couple with a single-mode cavity field. When the left ensemble is driven with an external optical field, its corresponding response spectrum to the incident optical light shows an electromagnetically-induced-transparency--like (EIT-like) phenomenon when the layers are arranged in the sequence of node antinode but not in the sequence of antinode node. In the case of antinode-antinode sequence, the response spectrum shows an EIT-like phenomenon with two transparent windows. We also investigate the fluctuation spectra of the atomic collective excitation modes and show similar EIT-like phenomena.
We experimentally and theoretically investigate the nonlinear electromagnetic properties of a microstrip photonic crystal (PC) cavity with embedded electromagnetic-induced-transparency (EIT)-like meta-atoms. A bistable response, with threshold of low to −6.1 dBm and the transmission contrast of up to 4.0 dB, is conceptually demonstrated with a varactor as the nonlinear medium inclusion. Such low-threshold and high-contrast transmission action comes from the composite PC-EIT mechanism, which possesses sharper features and stronger localization of the electromagnetic field than either PC cavity or EIT-like meta-atoms. This mechanism will be useful for all-optical signal processing with advanced materials.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like transmission was demonstrated in terahertz asymmetric parallel plate waveguides with two identical cavities. By shifting the position of the bottom cavity from the symmetric position in the propagation direction, both the phases of the propagating wave at resonances and the coupling strengths between two cavities are changed, resulting in exciting the additional asymmetric resonance and manipulating the detuning of two different resonant frequencies. The transparent peak between two resonances comes from the cancelation of symmetric and asymmetric resonances. We also use the physical picture of excitation of quasi-dark mode to explain this EIT-like transmission, which is similar to the metamaterial systems.
The transmission characteristics and electromagnetic responses of orthogonal-coupled slot cavities system are investigated with finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. Results show the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like transmission can be realized in the proposed structure due to the destructive interference between the horizontal cavity (bright mode) and the vertical cavity (dark mode). Moreover, trapped resonance modes in the horizontal cavity can be selective whether to be induced in vertical cavity or not depending on their relative position. Consequently, EIT-like transmission can be obtained in visible and near-infrared range, simultaneously or individually. The corresponding physical mechanisms are discussed in terms of counter profiles of fields | Hz | and coupled mode theory. Influences of the geometrical parameters on EIT-like transmission are also investigated to generate transparency windows with different shape.
Systems of interacting classical harmonic oscillators have received considerable attention in the past years as analog models for describing electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and associated phenomena. We review these models and investigate their validity for a variety of physical systems using two and three coupled harmonic oscillators. From the simplest EIT-$\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ configuration and two coupled single cavity modes we show that each atomic dipole-allowed transition and a single cavity mode can be represented by a damped harmonic oscillator. Thus, we have established a one-to-one correspondence between the classical and quantum dynamical variables. We show the limiting conditions and the equivalent for the EIT dark state in the mechanical system. This correspondence is extended to other systems that present EIT-related phenomena. Examples of such systems are two- and three-level (cavity EIT) atoms interacting with a single mode of an optical cavity and four-level atoms in a inverted-Y and tripod configurations. The established equivalence between the mechanical and the cavity EIT systems has been corroborated by experimental data. The analysis of the probe response of all these systems also brings to light a physical interpretation for the expectation value of the photon annihilation operator $\ensuremath{\langle}a\ensuremath{\rangle}$. We show that it can be directly related to the electric susceptibility of systems, the composition of which includes a driven cavity-field mode.
In this paper, the analog to electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in the double-coupled one-dimensional photonic crystal cavities are proposed and experimentally observed. This EIT-like effect is due to the interference of two resonance modes and the leaky propagation mode. A nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) comb drive is used to align the two resonant wavelengths up, which is first used in the studies of the EIT-like effect. The fabrication of the device bases on the standard semiconductor process. Finally, the evolution of the EIT-like transmission spectrum with the applied voltages is shown in the last part of this paper.