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Optical Materials Express

Nonlinear properties of photonic crystal cavity with embedded electromagnetic-induced-transparency-like meta-atoms

Yongqiang Chen, Kejia Zhu, Yunhui Li, Yu Fang, Quanying Wu, Yong Sun, Hong Chen

Published Jul 28, 2017• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We experimentally and theoretically investigate the nonlinear electromagnetic properties of a microstrip photonic crystal (PC) cavity with embedded electromagnetic-induced-transparency (EIT)-like meta-atoms. A bistable response, with threshold of low to −6.1 dBm and the transmission contrast of up to 4.0 dB, is conceptually demonstrated with a varactor as the nonlinear medium inclusion. Such low-threshold and high-contrast transmission action comes from the composite PC-EIT mechanism, which possesses sharper features and stronger localization of the electromagnetic field than either PC cavity or EIT-like meta-atoms. This mechanism will be useful for all-optical signal processing with advanced materials.

DOI
10.1364/ome.7.003034

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We experimentally and theoretically investigate the nonlinear electromagnetic properties of a microstrip photonic crystal (PC) cavity with embedded electromagnetic-induced-transparency (EIT)-like meta-atoms. A bistable response, with threshold of low to −6.1 dBm and the transmission contrast of up to 4.0 dB, is conceptually demonstrated with a varactor as the nonlinear medium inclusion. Such low-threshold and high-contrast transmission action comes from the composite PC-EIT mechanism, which possesses sharper features and stronger localization of the electromagnetic field than either PC cavity or EIT-like meta-atoms. This mechanism will be useful for all-optical signal processing with advanced materials.
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We experimentally investigate a cavity in which two resonant meta-atoms are embedded. Its corresponding response spectrum to an incident microwave shows an electromagnetically-induced-transparency--like (EIT-like) phenomenon when the meta-atoms are arranged in the sequence node-antinode but not in the sequence antinode-node. We carry out in situ measurements of the cavity field to bring physical insight into this asymmetric response, and use the transfer matrix method joined with coupled-mode theory to give a quantitative analysis. Finally, we demonstrate the unidirectional EIT-like behavior in a two-port design. Our results may benefit novel nonreciprocal devices in the future by exploring the nonlinearity of the meta-atoms with this asymmetric arrangement.
Controlling the optical response of a medium through suitably tuned coherent electromagnetic fields is highly relevant in a number of potential applications, from all-optical modulators to optical storage devices. In particular, electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is an established phenomenon in which destructive quantum interference creates a transparency window over a narrow spectral range around an absorption line, which, in turn, allows to slow and ultimately stop light due to the anomalous refractive index dispersion. Here we report on the observation of a new form of both induced transparency and amplification of a weak probe beam in a strongly driven silicon photonic crystal resonator at room temperature. The effect is based on the oscillating temperature field induced in a nonlinear optical cavity, and it reproduces many of the key features of EIT while being independent of either atomic or mechanical resonances. Such thermo-optically induced transparency will allow a versatile implementation of EIT-analogs in an integrated photonic platform, at almost arbitrary wavelength of interest, room temperature and in a practical, low cost, and scalable system.
Abstract In this paper, we propose a microstrip Fabry-Pérot (FP) cavity embedded with an active electromagnetically-induced-transparency-like (EIT-like) meta-molecule to investigate the electrically switchable behavior. The phenomenon of EIT is achieved by coupling a “bright” comb-line resonator with a “dark” split-ring resonator. The FP cavity is fabricated by etching two narrow slots on a microstrip line. With two different resonance mechanisms working together, the proposed composite EIT-cavity design is shown to exhibit the enhanced EIT-like transmission characteristics, accompanied by two sharp Fano-type line-shapes. By incorporating PIN diodes into the composite EIT-cavity structure, we can dramatically modulate the transmission spectrum via external DC voltage. In particular, we show the multi-band unity modulations through biasing the proposed active samples. Moreover, the slow light on-to-off switching processes are also obtained with modifying the state of PIN diode from dielectric to conductive. Our results may open important opportunities for fabricating dynamic functional photonic devices in the future.