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Optical Materials Express

Nonlinear properties of light-tunneling heterostructures embedded with a highly dispersive meta-molecule

Yongqiang Chen, Yunhui Li, Kejia Zhu, Yu Fang, Xingzhi Wu, Yong Sun, Quanying Wu

Published Oct 29, 2018• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We experimentally and theoretically investigate the nonlinear electromagnetic properties of light-tunneling heterostructures embedded with a varactor-loaded electromagnetically-induced-transparency (EIT)-like highly dispersive meta-molecule. We illustrate that when an EIT-like meta-molecule is hired at the interface of e-negative medium and µ-negative medium, the Q-factor and corresponding local fields of tunneling modes can be greatly boosted. Further study reveals that the electromagnetic (EM) field confinement along the propagating direction provided by the heterostructures, and the in-plane localization originated from the EIT-like meta-molecule, give rise to the three-dimensional enhancement of sub-wavelength EM localization corporately. Moreover, such a configuration can generate an extremely high transmission contrast up to 12 dB between two bistable states in its transmission with a bistability threshold low to −4.7 dBm. These advantages are not at the cost of extra device volume and drastic reduction of transmittance.

DOI
10.1364/ome.8.003583

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We experimentally and theoretically investigate the nonlinear electromagnetic properties of light-tunneling heterostructures embedded with a varactor-loaded electromagnetically-induced-transparency (EIT)-like highly dispersive meta-molecule. We illustrate that when an EIT-like meta-molecule is hired at the interface of e-negative medium and µ-negative medium, the Q-factor and corresponding local fields of tunneling modes can be greatly boosted. Further study reveals that the electromagnetic (EM) field confinement along the propagating direction provided by the heterostructures, and the in-plane localization originated from the EIT-like meta-molecule, give rise to the three-dimensional enhancement of sub-wavelength EM localization corporately. Moreover, such a configuration can generate an extremely high transmission contrast up to 12 dB between two bistable states in its transmission with a bistability threshold low to −4.7 dBm. These advantages are not at the cost of extra device volume and drastic reduction of transmittance.
In this letter, light tunneling effect tuned by a meta-interface with electromagnetically-induced-transparency-like (EIT-like) properties is investigated. Both numerical and experimental results show that the Q-factor of tunneling mode can be well enhanced when an atomic-like three-level system with EIT-like properties is introduced at the interface of a pair structure constructed by epsilon-negative and mu-negative metamaterials. Further study reveals that the Q-factor can be tuned conveniently by altering the EIT-like meta-interface. Moreover, these advantages are not at costs of increase of volume and drastic reduction of transmittance.
We experimentally and theoretically investigate the nonlinear electromagnetic properties of a microstrip photonic crystal (PC) cavity with embedded electromagnetic-induced-transparency (EIT)-like meta-atoms. A bistable response, with threshold of low to −6.1 dBm and the transmission contrast of up to 4.0 dB, is conceptually demonstrated with a varactor as the nonlinear medium inclusion. Such low-threshold and high-contrast transmission action comes from the composite PC-EIT mechanism, which possesses sharper features and stronger localization of the electromagnetic field than either PC cavity or EIT-like meta-atoms. This mechanism will be useful for all-optical signal processing with advanced materials.
Light tunneling phenomenon controlled by electromagnetically-induced-transparency-like (EIT-like) metamaterials is investigated. The numerical results show that, when a EIT-like metamaterial layer is introduced at the interface of a pair structure constructed by two kinds of single-negative metamaterials, the EIT-like system can give rise to the enhancement of Q-factor of the tunneling mode. Moreover, the Q-factor can be tuned by altering paremeters of the EIT-like metamaterial. Compared with the traditional method of increasing confinement, the presented way has the advantages of miniaturized device volume and less transmission losses.
We propose a scheme for subwavelength electromagnetic diode by employing the nonreciprocal electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in metamaterials. One-way response, with 17.36 dB transmission contrast and −4.4 dBm operating power, is conceptually demonstrated in a microwave waveguide system with asymmetric absorption and a varactor as the nonlinear medium inclusion. Such low-threshold and high-contrast transmission diode action comes from the EIT mechanism, which possesses narrower and sharper features than the Lorentz resonance. This mechanism will be useful for all-optical signal processing with advanced materials.
New designs "meta-atom" and "meta-material" composed from all-dielectric resonators with high Q and low loss, this kind metamaterial is coupled from propagating plane wave and generates electromagnetic response like electromagnetically induced transparency in atomic vapor. The "meta-atom" or "meta-molecular" are not only workable in room temperature but also enable three dimensional ommidirectionally incident with superposition stacking. Meanwhile, the EIT-like via dielectric metamaterial with high transmittance, dramatic index change and tunable operating frequency. The simulation result agrees the possibility electromagnetically induced transparency -like bulk exists from microwave to THz region.
The electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), which is a result of destructive interference between different excitation paths in a three-energy-level atomic medium, makes opaque probe light transparent over a range of frequencies. As this EIT effect is usually accompanied with strong dispersion, it has potential applications such as slow light propagation, optical buffering, nonlinear optics, optical sensing, etc. However, for conventional quantum EIT effect which requires stable gas lasers and low temperature environment, the implementation of EIT in chip-scale applications is severely hampered by the scathing experimental requirements. Recently, the EIT-like effect in metamaterials, which are constructed by designing the artificial subwavelength functional elements and arranging the spatial sequences, attracts tremendous attention because of its advantages, such as room temperature manipulability, large bandwidth, and small sizes. In addition, the high-quality factor(Q) value obtained by EIT-like effect has great significance in designing the metamaterial-based devices. In this paper, we design an EIT-like metamaterial with such a structure. The unit cell of the proposed metamaterial is constructed by two asymmetric silicon blocks embedded on a silicon dioxide substrate. Meanwhile, we analyze its optical properties and EIT-like effects by using three-dimension (3D) FDTD method. Based on the coupled Lorentz model, the EIT-like effect of the designed metamaterial is investigated. Then, by employing the electric field distribution on the surface of the metamaterial, and combining with the three-level atomic system, the mechanism of the EIT-like effect is analyzed in detail. We find that the EIT-like effect in the proposed metamaterial has high Q value (Q ≈ 8616) and the high transmission (T = 96%). By changing the length of the silicon block to destroy the asymmetry of the metamaterial structure, an active tuning EIT-like effect is realized. Furthermore, the metamaterial structure has the advantages of low loss, easy preparation, and active-controllability. This study represents an innovative approach to designing the EIT-like metamaterial, which is expected to be useful for designing active tunable slow-light devices and highly sensitive optical sensors.