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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Control of light tunneling through electromagnetically induced transparency-like metamaterials

Tuanhui Feng, Limin Wang, Yunhui Li

Published Dec 31, 2013• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Light tunneling phenomenon controlled by electromagnetically-induced-transparency-like (EIT-like) metamaterials is investigated. The numerical results show that, when a EIT-like metamaterial layer is introduced at the interface of a pair structure constructed by two kinds of single-negative metamaterials, the EIT-like system can give rise to the enhancement of Q-factor of the tunneling mode. Moreover, the Q-factor can be tuned by altering paremeters of the EIT-like metamaterial. Compared with the traditional method of increasing confinement, the presented way has the advantages of miniaturized device volume and less transmission losses.

DOI
10.1117/12.2033749

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Light tunneling phenomenon controlled by electromagnetically-induced-transparency-like (EIT-like) metamaterials is investigated. The numerical results show that, when a EIT-like metamaterial layer is introduced at the interface of a pair structure constructed by two kinds of single-negative metamaterials, the EIT-like system can give rise to the enhancement of Q-factor of the tunneling mode. Moreover, the Q-factor can be tuned by altering paremeters of the EIT-like metamaterial. Compared with the traditional method of increasing confinement, the presented way has the advantages of miniaturized device volume and less transmission losses.
In this letter, light tunneling effect tuned by a meta-interface with electromagnetically-induced-transparency-like (EIT-like) properties is investigated. Both numerical and experimental results show that the Q-factor of tunneling mode can be well enhanced when an atomic-like three-level system with EIT-like properties is introduced at the interface of a pair structure constructed by epsilon-negative and mu-negative metamaterials. Further study reveals that the Q-factor can be tuned conveniently by altering the EIT-like meta-interface. Moreover, these advantages are not at costs of increase of volume and drastic reduction of transmittance.
We experimentally and theoretically investigate the nonlinear electromagnetic properties of light-tunneling heterostructures embedded with a varactor-loaded electromagnetically-induced-transparency (EIT)-like highly dispersive meta-molecule. We illustrate that when an EIT-like meta-molecule is hired at the interface of e-negative medium and µ-negative medium, the Q-factor and corresponding local fields of tunneling modes can be greatly boosted. Further study reveals that the electromagnetic (EM) field confinement along the propagating direction provided by the heterostructures, and the in-plane localization originated from the EIT-like meta-molecule, give rise to the three-dimensional enhancement of sub-wavelength EM localization corporately. Moreover, such a configuration can generate an extremely high transmission contrast up to 12 dB between two bistable states in its transmission with a bistability threshold low to −4.7 dBm. These advantages are not at the cost of extra device volume and drastic reduction of transmittance.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is a promising technology for the enhancement of light-matter interactions, and recent demonstrations of the quantum EIT realized in artificial micro-structured medium have remarkably reduced the extreme requirement for experimental observation of EIT spectrum. In this paper, we propose to electrically control the EIT spectrum in a metamaterial for an electromagnetic modulator. A diode acting as a tunable resistor is loaded in the gap of two paired wires to inductively tune the magnetic resonance, which induces remarkable modulation on the EIT spectrum through the metamaterial sample. The experimental measurements confirmed that the prediction of electromagnetic modulation in three narrow bands on the EIT spectrum, and a modulation contrast of up to 31 dB was achieved on the transmission through the metamaterial. Our results may facilitate the study on active/dynamical technology in translational metamaterials, which connect extraordinary manipulations on the flow of light in metamaterials, e.g., the exotic EIT, and practical applications in industry.
The electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), which is a result of destructive interference between different excitation paths in a three-energy-level atomic medium, makes opaque probe light transparent over a range of frequencies. As this EIT effect is usually accompanied with strong dispersion, it has potential applications such as slow light propagation, optical buffering, nonlinear optics, optical sensing, etc. However, for conventional quantum EIT effect which requires stable gas lasers and low temperature environment, the implementation of EIT in chip-scale applications is severely hampered by the scathing experimental requirements. Recently, the EIT-like effect in metamaterials, which are constructed by designing the artificial subwavelength functional elements and arranging the spatial sequences, attracts tremendous attention because of its advantages, such as room temperature manipulability, large bandwidth, and small sizes. In addition, the high-quality factor(Q) value obtained by EIT-like effect has great significance in designing the metamaterial-based devices. In this paper, we design an EIT-like metamaterial with such a structure. The unit cell of the proposed metamaterial is constructed by two asymmetric silicon blocks embedded on a silicon dioxide substrate. Meanwhile, we analyze its optical properties and EIT-like effects by using three-dimension (3D) FDTD method. Based on the coupled Lorentz model, the EIT-like effect of the designed metamaterial is investigated. Then, by employing the electric field distribution on the surface of the metamaterial, and combining with the three-level atomic system, the mechanism of the EIT-like effect is analyzed in detail. We find that the EIT-like effect in the proposed metamaterial has high Q value (Q ≈ 8616) and the high transmission (T = 96%). By changing the length of the silicon block to destroy the asymmetry of the metamaterial structure, an active tuning EIT-like effect is realized. Furthermore, the metamaterial structure has the advantages of low loss, easy preparation, and active-controllability. This study represents an innovative approach to designing the EIT-like metamaterial, which is expected to be useful for designing active tunable slow-light devices and highly sensitive optical sensors.
Electromagnetically induced transparency is an optical phenomenon that is characterized by the elimination of the effect of a medium on a propagating beam of electromagnetic radiation in a specific frequency band. In this study, EIT was investigated at a proposed metamaterial with the dimensions milimeter and in the area of frequency of GHz. The computation results indicated that EIT with high transmission rate and high Q factor occurs in certain frequencies by breaking the symmetry in this structure. The sensitivity studies showed that the use of silver in the structure increases the quality factor so significantly that this quantity reaches 338 for gold and copper, while it reaches 677 for silver. In addition, By reducing the temperature, the transmission rate in the structure increases and reaches acceptable degree 98%. This structure can be an appropriate option for slow light usages, and it can be utilized for light amplification in microwave structures.
We investigated numerically the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) behavior with the maximum Q factor is up to 28000 in a metal-dielectric metamaterial. It composed of two layers, a metallic strip as bright mode stacked above a dielectric rod as another bright mode. The coherent coupling between the broad electric dipole induced by the metal strip and the narrow toroidal dipole induced by the dielectric rod leads to the destructive interference, then introduces a transparency window. Interestingly, the EIT window could be effectively influenced by varying parameters of the two layers and the thickness of middle spacer. This process can be explained by using two-particle model. Furthermore, the radiation loss is greatly suppressed within the EIT windows and the slow light effect is improved a lot. These excellent properties also provide an effective platform for the filters and sensitive chemical and biological sensors in the optical range.