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IEEE Photonics Technology Letters

Wavenumber measurements of sub-Doppler spectral lines of Rb at 1.3 mu m and 1.5 mu m

Hiroyuki Sasada

Published Nov 1, 1992• 40 citations
Publisher

Abstract

1.3- mu m and 1.5- mu m distributed-feedback semiconductor lasers have been frequency stabilized to sub-Doppler resonances of the 5P/sub 1/2/ to 6S/sub 1/2/ and the 5P/sub 3/2/ to 4D/sub 3/2,5/2/ transitions of /sup 85,87/Rb atoms, respectively. Using these stabilized lasers, the absolute wavenumbers of the transitions have been measured interferometrically with an accuracy of 2*10/sup -7/.>

DOI
10.1109/68.166978

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Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements•Dec 4, 2002•0 citations
1.3- mu m and 1.5- mu m distributed-feedback semiconductor lasers have been frequency stabilized to sub-Doppler resonances of the 5P/sub 1/2/ to 6S/sub 1/2/ and the 5P/sub 3/2/ to 4D/sub 3/2,5/2/ transitions of /sup 85,87/Rb atoms, respectively. Using these stabilized lasers, the absolute wavenumbers of the transitions have been measured interferometrically with an accuracy of 2*10/sup -7/.>
The frequency stabilization of a laser diode in the 1.3 microm region using double resonance optical pumping (DROP) spectrum in the 5P(3/2)-6S(1/2) transition of (87)Rb atoms is demonstrated. The signal-to-noise ratio of the DROP spectrum is approximately ten times higher than that of the previous optical-optical double resonance spectrum. The spectral linewidth of the DROP measures 8.4 MHz. When the frequency of a 1.367 microm laser diode is stabilized to the DROP spectrum, the frequency stability is 9 x 10(-12) after 100 s. Also, the wavelength of the frequency-stabilized laser locked to the 5P(3/2)-6S(1/2) transition using a wavelength meter is measured.
The frequency of a GaAs semiconductor laser was locked to the hyperfine spectrum of the Rb D/sub 1/ line by saturation spectroscopy. A first GaAs laser was locked to one of the Doppler-free hyperfine lines using a source modulation method. The burnt hole modulated by the stabilized laser beam was detected by a second laser beam irradicated from the same or the opposite direction and was used as a frequency discriminator to stabilize the second laser. The characteristics of the double-resonance spectrum were measured. The frequency stability of the second laser, which was free from frequency modulation, was estimated to be on the order of 10/sup -9/.>
We demonstrate a technique for frequency measurements of atomic transitions with a precision of 30 kHz. The frequency is measured with a ring-cavity resonator whose length is calibrated against a reference laser locked to the D2 line of 87Rb, the frequency of which is known with 10-kHz accuracy. We have used this method to measure the hyperfine structure in the 5P(3/2) state of 85Rb. We obtain precise values for the hyperfine constants, A = 25.041(6) MHz and B = 26.013(25) MHz, and a value of 77.992(20) MHz for the isotope shift in the D2 line.
We have performed high resolution spectroscopy of rubidium with a single mode continuous wave distributed feedback (DFB) laser diode. The saturation spectrum of the D 2 -line of 85 Rb and 87 Rb was recorded with a resolution close to the natural line width. The emission frequency was actively stabilized to Doppler-free transitions with a relative accuracy of better than 7 parts in 10 9 using commercially available servo devices only. An output power of 80 mW was sufficient to allow for two-photon spectroscopy of the 5S-5D-transition of 87 Rb. Further, we report on the spectral properties of the DFB diode, its tuning range and its frequency modulation properties. The line width of the diode laser, determined with high resolution Doppler free two photon spectroscopy, was 4 MHz without applying any active stabilization techniques. For time scales below 5 μs the line width drops below 2 MHz.
The OMDR (optical-microwave double resonance) spectrum of /sup 87/Rb with the aim of using a frequency-stabilized GaAs semiconductor laser instead of an Rb lamp as a pumping source in a gas-cell-type Rb frequency standard. Natural isotope /sup 87/Rb was sealed in a glass cell with buffer gases (Ar/N/sub 2/=1.2, total pressure=39 torr). The double resonance signal in the 5P/sub 1/2/(F=2) from 5S/sub 1/2/(F=1) transition appearing at the resonance to the F=2 from 1 hyperfine transition of the 5S/sub 1/2/ state was detected. The optimum operational cell temperature was 56 degrees C. The peak-to-peak frequency width of the atomic hyperfine resonance discriminator used to stabilize the microwave frequency shifts induced by detuning of the laser frequency, changes in the laser and microwave powers, and temperature drift of the cell were investigated.>
The authors present the result of a study on the realization of an optical frequency standard based on a laser diode frequency-locked to Doppler resonance limited and sub-Doppler resonances of the /sup 87/Rb D/sub 2/-line (5S/sub 1/2/ from or to 5P/sub 3/2/, 780.027 nm). The characteristics of the signals obtained from the resonant phase-conjugate reflection, the nonlinear magnetic optical activity, and the saturated absorption are compared to the characteristics of the linear absorption signal. Improvement of laser diode frequency stability is discussed for these techniques. The experimental results indicate that the more complicated the system, the better defined is the reference line.>