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Southern Conference on Programmable Logic (SPL)

FPGA implementation of two very low complexity LDPC decoders

Jorge Castiñeira Moreira, M. Rabini, C. M. Gonzalez, Carlos Arturo Gayoso, Leonardo J. Arnone

Published Apr 1, 2011• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes are very efficient error control codes that are being considered as part of many next generation communication systems. In this paper FPGA implementations of two low complexity decoders are presented. These two implementations operate over any kind of parity check matrix, (including those randomly generated, structurally generated, either systematic or non systematic) and can be parametrically performed for any code rate k/n. The proposed implementations are both of very low complexity, because they operate using only sums, subtracts and look-up tables. One of these decoders offers the advantage of not requiring the knowledge of the signal-to-noise ratio of the channel, as it usually happens to most of decoders for LDPC codes.

DOI
10.1109/spl.2011.5782617

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Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes are very efficient error control codes that are being considered as part of many next generation communication systems. In this paper FPGA implementations of two low complexity decoders are presented. These two implementations operate over any kind of parity check matrix, (including those randomly generated, structurally generated, either systematic or non systematic) and can be parametrically performed for any code rate k/n. The proposed implementations are both of very low complexity, because they operate using only sums, subtracts and look-up tables. One of these decoders offers the advantage of not requiring the knowledge of the signal-to-noise ratio of the channel, as it usually happens to most of decoders for LDPC codes.
Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are very efficient error control codes that are being considered for use in many next-generation communication systems. In this study low complexity soft-input, soft-output (SISO) field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) implementations of a novel logarithmic sum-product (LogSP) iterative LDPC decoder and a recently proposed simplified soft Euclidean distance (SSD) iterative LDPC decoder are presented, and their complexities and performance are compared. These implementations operate over any choice of parity check matrix (including those randomly generated, structurally generated and either systematic or non-systematic) and can be parametrically adapted for any code rate. The proposed implementations are both of very low complexity, because they operate using only sums, subtractions, comparisons and look-up tables, which makes them particularly suitable for FPGA realisation. The SSD decoder has a lower implementation complexity than the LogSP LDPC decoder and it also offers the advantage of not requiring knowledge of the channel signal-to-noise ratio, unlike most other LDPC decoders.
Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes have been widely considered as error-correcting codes for next generation communication systems. A good LDPC decoder design requires both implementation friendly LDPC codes and efficient decoder architectures. The quality of LDPC code is crucial in determining the coding gain and implementation complexity of LDPC hardware decoders. This paper presented a genetic algorithm (GA) based LDPC code search algorithm with hardware considerations. Regular quasi-cyclic LDPC codes are used due to its friendliness to hardware implementation. Our hardware architecture design schedules pipeline LDPC decoding operation to boost the hardware utilization efficiency (HUE) of LDPC decoder. A LDPC decoder with a block size of 12288 is implemented in FPGA to validate our code and architecture design.
Because of their excellent error-correcting performance, low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes have recently attracted a lot of attention. In this paper, we are interested in the practical LDPC code decoder hardware implementations. The direct fully parallel decoder implementation usually incurs too high hardware complexity for many real applications, thus partly parallel decoder design approaches that can achieve appropriate trade-offs between hardware complexity and decoding throughput are highly desirable. Applying a joint code and decoder design methodology, we develop a high-speed -regular LDPC code partly parallel decoder architecture based on which we implement a -bit, rate- -regular LDPC code decoder on Xilinx FPGA device. This partly parallel decoder supports a maximum symbol throughput of Mbps and achieves BER at 2 dB over AWGN channel while performing maximum decoding iterations.
With the superior error correction capability, low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes have initiated wide scale interests in satellite communication, wireless communication, and storage fields. In the past, various structures of single code-rate LDPC decoders have been reported. However, to cover a wide range of service requirements and diverse interference conditions in wireless applications, LDPC decoders that can operate at both high and low code rates are desirable. In this paper, a 9-k code length multi-rate LDPC decoder architecture is presented and implemented on a Xilinx field-programmable gate array device. Using pin selection, three operating modes, namely, the irregular 1/2 code mode, the regular 5/8 code mode, and the regular 7/8 code mode, are supported. Furthermore, to suppress the error floor level, a characterization on the conditions for short cycles in a LDPC code matrix expanded from a small base matrix is presented, and a cycle elimination algorithm is developed to detect and break such short cycles. The effectiveness of the cycle elimination algorithm has been verified by both simulation and hardware measurements, which show that the error floor is suppressed to a much lower level without incurring any performance penalty. The implemented decoder is tested in an experimental LDPC orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system and achieves the superior measured performance of block error rate below 10/sup -7/ at signal-to-noise ratio of 1.8 dB.
This paper presents a construction for low and high rate Low-Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes, their performance and efficient hardware implementation. The problem with decoding for LDPC codes is the linear increase in resource requirements as the size of the parity check matrix increases. This results in a number of issues with regard to practical implementation. These issues include interconnect routing, memory size and parallelism. A construction for low complexity, variable rate LDPC code will be introduced and an architecture that takes advantage of certain properties of this construction is proposed. A versatile LDPC decoding architecture is then evaluated on FPGA.
Low-density parity-check (LDPC) have been shown to have good error correcting performance approaching Shannon’s limit. Good error correcting performance enables efficient and reliable communication. However, a LDPC code decoding algorithm needs to be executed efficiently to meet cost , time, power and bandwidth requirements of target applications. Quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (QC-LDPC) codes are an important subclass of LDPC codes that are known as one of the most effective error controlling methods. Quasi cyclic codes are known to possess some degree of regularity. Many important communication standards such as DVB-S2 and 802.16e use these codes. The proposed Optimized Min-Sum decoding algorithm performs very close to the Sum-Product decoding while preserving the main features of the Min-Sum decoding, that is low complexity and independence with respect to noise variance estimation errors.Proposed decoder is well matched for VLSI implementation and will be implemented on Xilinx FPGA family