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The Rochester Conferences on Coherence and Quantum Optics and the Quantum Information and Measurement meeting

Observation of EIT in Rubidium vapor using the Hanle Effect

Y. Zhang, Sam Bish, Benjamin Agyare, Samir Bali

Published Jan 1, 2007• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have observed Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) in Rubidium vapor using a single linearly polarized incident laser beam and an external magnetic field. Progress toward a detailed understanding of the observed sharp resonances is reported.
DOI
10.1364/cqo.2007.csua29

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This project demonstrates an optical method for measuring the strength and\ndirection of a magnetic field using electromagnetically induced transparency\n(EIT) in rubidium vapor. In rubidium atoms, the Zeeman effect causes atomic\nstates to shift when an external magnetic field is applied. The magnitude of\nthese shifts, and consequently the strength of the magnetic field, can be measured\nby recording electromagnetically induced transparency resonances with\ntuned laser fields. Furthermore, since the atom's interaction with the laser field\nis dependent on the direction of the magnetic field and the laser polarization,\nwe are able to determine the direction as well as the strength of the magnetic\nfield by analyzing relative intensities of EIT resonances. With a feasible precision\ndown to 10 picoTesla and the possibility of complete field mapping, this\nmagnetometer can be useful for medical, geophysical, and materials testing\napplications.

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This thesis investigates the parameters of achieving electromagnetically induced transparency, or EIT. The technique of EIT manipulates the properties of atoms to partially cancel the usual absorption of laser light. In this experiment, the effect was observed using the D1 line of rubidium vapor and a Λ -configuration between the degenerate magnetic sublevels of the 5S1/2(F=1) and 5P1/2(F=1) hyperfine states. Among the parameters investigated were the linear and circular polarization of the light used to drive the transitions, the size of the laser beam used, the effects of the temperature of the rubidium interaction cell on EIT, the density of the rubidium atoms in the interaction cell, and the effects of changing the power of the fields used to drive the transitions. Careful measurements of these parameters were made.
We study the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb vapor at the temperature of 325K325\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}325K in a magnetic field. Two linearly polarized orthogonal laser fields act on two dipole-allowed transitions of the D1D1D1 line of 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb in the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ configuration, respectively. In the absence of magnetic fields, we observe a wide EIT window with the contrast of about 66% while when the magnetic field is applied, the wide EIT window is split into three or four narrower subwindows with contrasts of 32% or 16% due to the lifting of magnetic sublevels' degeneracy. The number of EIT subwindows depends on the magnetic field orientation. Our theoretical simulations and analysis are in good agreement with the experimental results.
This study explores electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) with a focus on the influence of external magnetic fields, examining effects such as decoherence, Faraday rotation, coherence decay, and signal detuning. This model extends previous analyses by introducing dimensions of coherence decay across atomic densities, nonlinear Faraday rotation dependencies, and transmission responses to detuning. The findings show strong agreement with experimental observations in rubidium vapor systems and provide new insights relevant to applications in quantum memory, magnetic sensing, and optical modulation. Additionally, an analogy to classical RLC circuits is employed to offer an intuitive framework for understanding decoherence’s impact on EIT.
We investigate electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) in rubidium vapor using a scanning magnetic field co-aligned with the laser propagation direction.Sub-natural line width features appear at zero magnetic field.Criteria for deciding whether to expect EIT or EIA are discussed.Particular attention was given to identification and suppression of spurious signals rising from polarization impurity and residual stray magnetic fields.In the presence of a second strong, coherent laser beam we observed that the EIT signal inverts into an EIA signal.We provide a simple qualitative explanation for this "sign reversal".Our work helps us evolve a clear understanding of the intriguing physics behind coherently prepared atomic media.
This project demonstrates an optical method for measuring the strength and\ndirection of a magnetic field using electromagnetically induced transparency\n(EIT) in rubidium vapor. In rubidium atoms, the Zeeman effect causes atomic\nstates to shift when an external magnetic field is applied. The magnitude of\nthese shifts, and consequently the strength of the magnetic field, can be measured\nby recording electromagnetically induced transparency resonances with\ntuned laser fields. Furthermore, since the atom's interaction with the laser field\nis dependent on the direction of the magnetic field and the laser polarization,\nwe are able to determine the direction as well as the strength of the magnetic\nfield by analyzing relative intensities of EIT resonances. With a feasible precision\ndown to 10 picoTesla and the possibility of complete field mapping, this\nmagnetometer can be useful for medical, geophysical, and materials testing\napplications.