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INVESTIGATION OF SIGN REVERSAL BETWEEN ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY AND ABSORPTION IN ATOMIC VAPOR

A. N. Day

Published Jan 1, 2013• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We investigate electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) in rubidium vapor using a scanning magnetic field co-aligned with the laser propagation direction.Sub-natural line width features appear at zero magnetic field.Criteria for deciding whether to expect EIT or EIA are discussed.Particular attention was given to identification and suppression of spurious signals rising from polarization impurity and residual stray magnetic fields.In the presence of a second strong, coherent laser beam we observed that the EIT signal inverts into an EIA signal.We provide a simple qualitative explanation for this "sign reversal".Our work helps us evolve a clear understanding of the intriguing physics behind coherently prepared atomic media.

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Summary form only given. It is well-known that nonlinear interference effects in the resonant atom-light interaction can lead to interesting and important phenomena, such as electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of atomic medium, coherent population trapping, lasing without inversion, and others. Common to all these phenomena is the appearance of light-induced coherence between atomic levels, which are not coupled by dipole transitions. Recently Akulshin and co-workers (1998-9) have observed subnatural-width resonances in the absorption on the D/sub 2/ line of rubidium vapor under excitation by two copropagating optical waves with variable frequency offset. It is remarkable that, apart from expected EIT-resonances with negative sign, authors detected positive resonances termed as electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA). More recently, similar effects in a (3+5)-state system have been described as a result of constructive interference of the dipole excitation channels. We propose a simple theoretical model for EIA - a four-state N-atom. Remember that three-state /spl Lambda/- and V-systems give the EIT-resonances only.

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New Journal of Physics•Mar 8, 2011•11 citations
We investigate electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) in rubidium vapor using a scanning magnetic field co-aligned with the laser propagation direction.Sub-natural line width features appear at zero magnetic field.Criteria for deciding whether to expect EIT or EIA are discussed.Particular attention was given to identification and suppression of spurious signals rising from polarization impurity and residual stray magnetic fields.In the presence of a second strong, coherent laser beam we observed that the EIT signal inverts into an EIA signal.We provide a simple qualitative explanation for this "sign reversal".Our work helps us evolve a clear understanding of the intriguing physics behind coherently prepared atomic media.
Summary form only given. It is well-known that nonlinear interference effects in the resonant atom-light interaction can lead to interesting and important phenomena, such as electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of atomic medium, coherent population trapping, lasing without inversion, and others. Common to all these phenomena is the appearance of light-induced coherence between atomic levels, which are not coupled by dipole transitions. Recently Akulshin and co-workers (1998-9) have observed subnatural-width resonances in the absorption on the D/sub 2/ line of rubidium vapor under excitation by two copropagating optical waves with variable frequency offset. It is remarkable that, apart from expected EIT-resonances with negative sign, authors detected positive resonances termed as electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA). More recently, similar effects in a (3+5)-state system have been described as a result of constructive interference of the dipole excitation channels. We propose a simple theoretical model for EIA - a four-state N-atom. Remember that three-state /spl Lambda/- and V-systems give the EIT-resonances only.
In the present work, a theoretical and experimental study to enhance electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) signals in an 85 R b atomic vapor medium at room temperature is conducted. Also, switching from EIT to EIA signal at a particular value of the magnetic field is observed. Further, by using circularly polarized coupling light, the dispersion profile of the linearly polarized probe signal is investigated theoretically and experimentally. The nine-level system of 85 R b D2 transition in a ladder-type configuration is fully solved by using the density matrix theory. The simulated results are found in good qualitative agreement with experimental observations. Hence, an experimental setup is developed for (1) achieving enhanced EIT and EIA signal, (2) switching from EIT to EIA, and (3) dispersion measurement. These observations have potential applications towards measurement of the group velocity of light, quantum memory, quantum information, and optical switching.
The propagation of a probe field through a four-level Y-type atomic system is described in the presence of two additional coherent radiation fields, namely, the control field and the coupling field. An expression for the probe response is derived analytically from the optical Bloch equations under steady state condition to study the absorptive properties of the system under probe field propagation through an ensemble of stationary atoms as well as in a Doppler broadened atomic vapor medium. The most striking result is the conversion of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) into electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) as we start switching from weak probe regime to strong probe regime. The dependence of this conversion on residual Doppler averaging due to wavelength mismatch is also shown by choosing the coupling transition as a Rydberg transition.
We report on magnetic-field induced transparency (MIT) based on Ramsey electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) in a paraffin-coated Rb vapor cell. Changing the laser polarization from linear to circular in the presence of a weak residual transverse magnetic field to the laser propagation, the narrow absorption due to the Ramsey EIA transformed into the transparency due to MIT of the 5S1/2 (F = 2)-5P3/2 (F' = 3) transition of 87Rb in the paraffin-coated Rb vapor cell. The spectral widths of the EIA and MIT in the Hanle configuration were measured to be 0.6 mG (425 Hz) and 1.2 mG, respectively. MIT depended on the long preservation time of the ground-state coherent spin states and the transverse magnetic field. From the numerical results, the crossover between the Ramsey EIA and the MIT could be illustrated as the superposition of both signals.
The phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is investigated in a Λ-system of the 87Rb D 1 line in an external transverse magnetic field. Two spectroscopic cells having strongly different values of the relaxation rates γrel are used: an Rb cell with antirelaxation coating (L ~ 1 cm) and an Rb nanometric- thin cell (nanocell) with a thickness of the atomic vapor column L = 795 nm. For the EIT in the nanocell, we have the usual EIT resonances characterized by a reduction in the absorption (dark resonance (DR)), whereas for the EIT in the Rb cell with an antirelaxation coating, the resonances demonstrate an increase in the absorption (bright resonances (BR)). We suppose that such an unusual behavior of the EIT resonances (i.e., the reversal of the sign from DR to BR) is caused by the influence of an alignment process. The influence of alignment strongly depends on the configuration of the coupling and probe frequencies as well as on the configuration of the magnetic field.
A perturbation method was used to solve optical Bloch equations (OBEs) for the transition F g =1→ F e =2, in order to describe the role of ground-level Zeeman coherences in the formation of electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA). A narrow Lorentzian peak, centered at zero value of the scanning magnetic field, appears in the analytical expression of the second-order correction of a density-matrix element for ground-level Zeeman coherences, (ρ g −1 , g +1 ) x 2 . Through analytical expressions for lower-order corrections of density-matrix elements, we were able to establish clear relations between the narrow Lorentzian in (ρ g − 1 , g +1 ) x 2 and higher-order corrections of optical coherences, i.e. EIA. We see from analytical expressions that these two resonances have opposite signs and that EIA becomes electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in the limit of low efficiency of spontaneous transfer of coherences from excited-level to ground-level Zeeman sublevels. The transient behavior of EIA follows the time evolution of (ρ g − 1 , g +1 ) x 2 . After the coupling laser is turned on, both the Lorentzian peak in (ρ g − 1 , g +1 ) x 2 and EIA reach steady state via over-damped oscillations.