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Parameters Influencing Electromagnetically Induced Transparency

Margaret Fortman

Published Apr 26, 2018• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

This thesis investigates the parameters of achieving electromagnetically induced transparency, or EIT. The technique of EIT manipulates the properties of atoms to partially cancel the usual absorption of laser light. In this experiment, the effect was observed using the D1 line of rubidium vapor and a Λ -configuration between the degenerate magnetic sublevels of the 5S1/2(F=1) and 5P1/2(F=1) hyperfine states. Among the parameters investigated were the linear and circular polarization of the light used to drive the transitions, the size of the laser beam used, the effects of the temperature of the rubidium interaction cell on EIT, the density of the rubidium atoms in the interaction cell, and the effects of changing the power of the fields used to drive the transitions. Careful measurements of these parameters were made.

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High-Resolution Spectroscopy in Atoms Using Coherent Control

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The subject of this thesis is the study of coherent interaction of light with matter (atoms) to improve the precision measurements and techniques. Special attention is drawn to get the narrow subnatural electromagnetically induced transmission (EIT), electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) and nonlinear magneto-optic rotation (NMOR) caused by alkali atoms contained in a vapor cell. Subnatural polarization rotation introduces by a strong circularly polarized light in the absence of any external magnetic field was also studied. A detailed theoretical treatment, given in this dissertation, allows to associate each of the features of the spectra with a special physical mechanism. Many quantum phenomena related to interferences, coherences, optical pumping etc. experiments are studied using home-built diode lasers. This thesis also describes laser cooling and trapping of rubidium atoms using two techniques. Deflection of cold atoms horizontally from MOT using pushing beams are discussed in close consideration for the improvements in the precision measurements. This thesis is organized as follows. In Chapter 1, an introduction to the importance of sub-natural narrow resonance and simplified technique in the precision measurement will be discussed. In Chapter 2, an introduction to EIT, EIA and NMOR resonance are discussed. This chapter will provide a basic theoretical background of atom-field interactions, especially for Λ-type and N -type systems and its steady state solution using density matrix analysis and experimental tools. The most important notion of laser cooling of atoms, ions or molecule i.e., exchange of momentum between light and atoms combining with the Doppler effect will be discussed. In Chapter 3, the observation of subnatural EIT and subnatural EIA in closed and open degenerate two-level system using room temperature vapor cell filled with Rb will be presented. Physical mechanisms that contribute to EIT and EIA, and the contrast of our results from the coherent population trapping (CPT)–type resonances are discussed in detail in appendix A.2 according to our experimental results. In Chapter 4, the narrowing of subnatural EIT and subnatural EIA linewidth in closed and open systems again in degenerate two level transition, using the “Laguerre-Gaussian” control beam instead of generally studied Gaussian beam, will be discussed in detail. In Chapter 5, the conversion between subnatural EIT to subnatural EIA in a degenerate Λ system will be discussed. The physical mechanism created by the introduction of a coherent counter propagating control laser to the co-propagating probe and the control laser are studied. The effect of polarization and axial velocity Doppler averaging will also be studied. In Chapter 6, we will discuss the sensitive technique for precise measurement of small magnetic fields using the NMOR, by chopping the resonant laser beam. We will study the sensitivity and the potential application of this technique in the measurement of an atomic electric-dipole moment. In Chapter 7, we will…

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Xiaogang Wei, Jin‐Hui Wu, Gui-Xia Sun +4 more

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Physical Review A•Aug 8, 2005•51 citations
This thesis investigates the parameters of achieving electromagnetically induced transparency, or EIT. The technique of EIT manipulates the properties of atoms to partially cancel the usual absorption of laser light. In this experiment, the effect was observed using the D1 line of rubidium vapor and a Λ -configuration between the degenerate magnetic sublevels of the 5S1/2(F=1) and 5P1/2(F=1) hyperfine states. Among the parameters investigated were the linear and circular polarization of the light used to drive the transitions, the size of the laser beam used, the effects of the temperature of the rubidium interaction cell on EIT, the density of the rubidium atoms in the interaction cell, and the effects of changing the power of the fields used to drive the transitions. Careful measurements of these parameters were made.
This thesis describes an experimental observation of electromagnetically induced transparency and ultra-slow light, as well as a description of the theories that describe them. We report electromagnetically induced transparency resonances with ultra-slow group velocities of light of order 400 m/s. We exploited the D1 line of warmed 87Rb vapor with 5 torr of helium buffer gas by establishing a Λ-configuration that employed the triply degenerate magnetic sublevels of the 5S1/2 (F=1) and 5P1/2 (F’=1) hyperfine states. In doing so, we were able to derive our signal and control fields from one laser.
Summary form only given. In the D/sub 1/ transition in the isotope 87 rubidium atom with no magnetic field present, electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) can occur due to destructive quantum interference in the lambda transition between the two ground hyperfine states, |F=1, m/sub F/=+1), |F=1, m/sub F/=1), and the single electronically excited hyperfine state |F'=1, m/sub F/=0), when an elliptically polarized laser beam propagates through a rubidium vapor cell. The stronger circularly polarized /spl sigma//sup +/ component of this light beam, which connects the ground hyperfine state |F=1, m/sub F/=1) to the excited hyperfine state, can be considered as the "coupling" laser, and the weaker circularly polarized /spl sigma/ component, which connects the ground hyperfine state |F=1, m/sub F/=+1) to the excited hyperfine state, can be considered as the "probe" laser. An adiabatic increment in the probe laser intensity (with the coupling laser intensity held fixed) causes an adiabatic population transfer between the two ground hyperfine states. As pointed out by Imamoglu et al., if a fourth nearby level is added to this three-level lambda scheme, two new resonantly-enhanced effects can be produced, i.e., a Kerr effect and a two-photon absorption effect.
The subject of this thesis is the study of coherent interaction of light with matter (atoms) to improve the precision measurements and techniques. Special attention is drawn to get the narrow subnatural electromagnetically induced transmission (EIT), electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) and nonlinear magneto-optic rotation (NMOR) caused by alkali atoms contained in a vapor cell. Subnatural polarization rotation introduces by a strong circularly polarized light in the absence of any external magnetic field was also studied. A detailed theoretical treatment, given in this dissertation, allows to associate each of the features of the spectra with a special physical mechanism. Many quantum phenomena related to interferences, coherences, optical pumping etc. experiments are studied using home-built diode lasers. This thesis also describes laser cooling and trapping of rubidium atoms using two techniques. Deflection of cold atoms horizontally from MOT using pushing beams are discussed in close consideration for the improvements in the precision measurements. This thesis is organized as follows. In Chapter 1, an introduction to the importance of sub-natural narrow resonance and simplified technique in the precision measurement will be discussed. In Chapter 2, an introduction to EIT, EIA and NMOR resonance are discussed. This chapter will provide a basic theoretical background of atom-field interactions, especially for Λ-type and N -type systems and its steady state solution using density matrix analysis and experimental tools. The most important notion of laser cooling of atoms, ions or molecule i.e., exchange of momentum between light and atoms combining with the Doppler effect will be discussed. In Chapter 3, the observation of subnatural EIT and subnatural EIA in closed and open degenerate two-level system using room temperature vapor cell filled with Rb will be presented. Physical mechanisms that contribute to EIT and EIA, and the contrast of our results from the coherent population trapping (CPT)–type resonances are discussed in detail in appendix A.2 according to our experimental results. In Chapter 4, the narrowing of subnatural EIT and subnatural EIA linewidth in closed and open systems again in degenerate two level transition, using the “Laguerre-Gaussian” control beam instead of generally studied Gaussian beam, will be discussed in detail. In Chapter 5, the conversion between subnatural EIT to subnatural EIA in a degenerate Λ system will be discussed. The physical mechanism created by the introduction of a coherent counter propagating control laser to the co-propagating probe and the control laser are studied. The effect of polarization and axial velocity Doppler averaging will also be studied. In Chapter 6, we will discuss the sensitive technique for precise measurement of small magnetic fields using the NMOR, by chopping the resonant laser beam. We will study the sensitivity and the potential application of this technique in the measurement of an atomic electric-dipole moment. In Chapter 7, we will…
We report on an investigation of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in sodium vapour. In our experiment, sodium atoms are excited on the D1-line with laser radiation containing two components with a frequency difference close to that of the two hyperfine ground states of sodium (1.772 GHz). Such an excitation leads to coherent trapping of atomic population in “dark” superpositional states, which dramatically reduces the absorption of light. A frequency transparency window is measured to have a subnatural width, which is a clear indication of coherent population trapping. Dependence of EIT on laser frequencies and intensities, on the magnetic field strength as well as on the temperature of the sodium vapour is studied.
We study the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb vapor at the temperature of 325K325\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}325K in a magnetic field. Two linearly polarized orthogonal laser fields act on two dipole-allowed transitions of the D1D1D1 line of 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb in the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ configuration, respectively. In the absence of magnetic fields, we observe a wide EIT window with the contrast of about 66% while when the magnetic field is applied, the wide EIT window is split into three or four narrower subwindows with contrasts of 32% or 16% due to the lifting of magnetic sublevels' degeneracy. The number of EIT subwindows depends on the magnetic field orientation. Our theoretical simulations and analysis are in good agreement with the experimental results.