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Electromagnetically Induced Transparency and the Polarization of Laser Light

LaPonte, John

Published Apr 23, 2020• 0 citations
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Abstract

This thesis investigates the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). This experiment uses a 790 nm diode laser to drive transitions in rubidium atoms. The D1 line of Rubidium was used, which involves the transitions from the 5S1/2 and 5P1/2 hyperfine states. This experiment investigates the effect of the quality of polarization on EIT. Careful techniques were used to improve the quality of the polarization of the laser light.

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This thesis investigates the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). This experiment uses a 790 nm diode laser to drive transitions in rubidium atoms. The D1 line of Rubidium was used, which involves the transitions from the 5S1/2 and 5P1/2 hyperfine states. This experiment investigates the effect of the quality of polarization on EIT. Careful techniques were used to improve the quality of the polarization of the laser light.
This thesis investigates the parameters of achieving electromagnetically induced transparency, or EIT. The technique of EIT manipulates the properties of atoms to partially cancel the usual absorption of laser light. In this experiment, the effect was observed using the D1 line of rubidium vapor and a Λ -configuration between the degenerate magnetic sublevels of the 5S1/2(F=1) and 5P1/2(F=1) hyperfine states. Among the parameters investigated were the linear and circular polarization of the light used to drive the transitions, the size of the laser beam used, the effects of the temperature of the rubidium interaction cell on EIT, the density of the rubidium atoms in the interaction cell, and the effects of changing the power of the fields used to drive the transitions. Careful measurements of these parameters were made.
We investigate ladder-type electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in rubidium gas. The theoretical absorption profile of a weak probe laser beam at 780.2nm (5S1∕2→5P3∕2) is modeled in the presence of a strong coupling laser beam at 776.0nm (5P3∕2→5D5∕2) and the absorption transparency window is characterized. We use two grating-feedback diode lasers and observe EIT experimentally in rubidium and compare the results to the theory. This experiment brings quantum optics into the advanced undergraduate laboratory and utilizes equipment and expertise commonly available in laboratories equipped to perform diode-laser-based absorption spectroscopy of rubidium.
Summary form only given. In the D/sub 1/ transition in the isotope 87 rubidium atom with no magnetic field present, electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) can occur due to destructive quantum interference in the lambda transition between the two ground hyperfine states, |F=1, m/sub F/=+1), |F=1, m/sub F/=1), and the single electronically excited hyperfine state |F'=1, m/sub F/=0), when an elliptically polarized laser beam propagates through a rubidium vapor cell. The stronger circularly polarized /spl sigma//sup +/ component of this light beam, which connects the ground hyperfine state |F=1, m/sub F/=1) to the excited hyperfine state, can be considered as the "coupling" laser, and the weaker circularly polarized /spl sigma/ component, which connects the ground hyperfine state |F=1, m/sub F/=+1) to the excited hyperfine state, can be considered as the "probe" laser. An adiabatic increment in the probe laser intensity (with the coupling laser intensity held fixed) causes an adiabatic population transfer between the two ground hyperfine states. As pointed out by Imamoglu et al., if a fourth nearby level is added to this three-level lambda scheme, two new resonantly-enhanced effects can be produced, i.e., a Kerr effect and a two-photon absorption effect.
We have studied electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in the 5S1/2−5P3/2−5D5/2 ladder-type system of Rb. We observed relative changing magnitude of EIT hyperfine structures depending on not only the polarizations of the lasers but also the intensity of the coupling laser. The coupling-intensity effects are attributed to the nonlinear increase of the EIT signal to the coupling intensity. EIT signals nonlinear on the coupling intensity are analyzed by considering coherent interaction between atom and laser fields.
We report on an investigation of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in sodium vapour. In our experiment, sodium atoms are excited on the D1-line with laser radiation containing two components with a frequency difference close to that of the two hyperfine ground states of sodium (1.772 GHz). Such an excitation leads to coherent trapping of atomic population in “dark” superpositional states, which dramatically reduces the absorption of light. A frequency transparency window is measured to have a subnatural width, which is a clear indication of coherent population trapping. Dependence of EIT on laser frequencies and intensities, on the magnetic field strength as well as on the temperature of the sodium vapour is studied.