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Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference

EIT-induced nonlinear precession of the polarization ellipse in rubidium vapor

R. Y. Chiao, Jason L. Bowie, J. Boyce, Dmitry Budker, J. C. Garrison, Morgan W. Mitchell, Valeriy V. Yashchuk, T. Kenneth Gustafson, D. S. Hsiung

Published Jan 20, 2003• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Summary form only given. In the D/sub 1/ transition in the isotope 87 rubidium atom with no magnetic field present, electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) can occur due to destructive quantum interference in the lambda transition between the two ground hyperfine states, |F=1, m/sub F/=+1), |F=1, m/sub F/=1), and the single electronically excited hyperfine state |F'=1, m/sub F/=0), when an elliptically polarized laser beam propagates through a rubidium vapor cell. The stronger circularly polarized /spl sigma//sup +/ component of this light beam, which connects the ground hyperfine state |F=1, m/sub F/=1) to the excited hyperfine state, can be considered as the "coupling" laser, and the weaker circularly polarized /spl sigma/ component, which connects the ground hyperfine state |F=1, m/sub F/=+1) to the excited hyperfine state, can be considered as the "probe" laser. An adiabatic increment in the probe laser intensity (with the coupling laser intensity held fixed) causes an adiabatic population transfer between the two ground hyperfine states. As pointed out by Imamoglu et al., if a fourth nearby level is added to this three-level lambda scheme, two new resonantly-enhanced effects can be produced, i.e., a Kerr effect and a two-photon absorption effect.

DOI
10.1109/qels.1999.807643

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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Feb 9, 2006•0 citations
Summary form only given. In the D/sub 1/ transition in the isotope 87 rubidium atom with no magnetic field present, electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) can occur due to destructive quantum interference in the lambda transition between the two ground hyperfine states, |F=1, m/sub F/=+1), |F=1, m/sub F/=1), and the single electronically excited hyperfine state |F'=1, m/sub F/=0), when an elliptically polarized laser beam propagates through a rubidium vapor cell. The stronger circularly polarized /spl sigma//sup +/ component of this light beam, which connects the ground hyperfine state |F=1, m/sub F/=1) to the excited hyperfine state, can be considered as the "coupling" laser, and the weaker circularly polarized /spl sigma/ component, which connects the ground hyperfine state |F=1, m/sub F/=+1) to the excited hyperfine state, can be considered as the "probe" laser. An adiabatic increment in the probe laser intensity (with the coupling laser intensity held fixed) causes an adiabatic population transfer between the two ground hyperfine states. As pointed out by Imamoglu et al., if a fourth nearby level is added to this three-level lambda scheme, two new resonantly-enhanced effects can be produced, i.e., a Kerr effect and a two-photon absorption effect.
This thesis investigates the parameters of achieving electromagnetically induced transparency, or EIT. The technique of EIT manipulates the properties of atoms to partially cancel the usual absorption of laser light. In this experiment, the effect was observed using the D1 line of rubidium vapor and a Λ -configuration between the degenerate magnetic sublevels of the 5S1/2(F=1) and 5P1/2(F=1) hyperfine states. Among the parameters investigated were the linear and circular polarization of the light used to drive the transitions, the size of the laser beam used, the effects of the temperature of the rubidium interaction cell on EIT, the density of the rubidium atoms in the interaction cell, and the effects of changing the power of the fields used to drive the transitions. Careful measurements of these parameters were made.
The effects of neighboring transitions through Doppler broadening on electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) for the D2 transition line in Rb atoms with respect to the same circular polarization configurations ( σ + − σ + ) of coupling and probe lasers have been investigated. Spectra for the open F g = 2 → F e = 2 transition of 87 Rb and the F g = 3 → F e = 2 and 3 transitions of 85 Rb exhibit EIA, resulting from the neighboring effect of F g = 2 → F e = 3 and F g = 3 → F e = 4 transitions, respectively. In contrast, EIT is observed for the open F g = 2 → F e = 1 transition of 87 Rb, which indicates greater hyperfine energy splittings of 87 Rb and weaker neighboring effects than those of 85 Rb. Based on the theoretical results, we can confirm that EIT in the case of F g > F e for 87 Rb and circular parallel polarization transforms into EIA due to the magnitude of the neighboring effects with a decrease in the hyperfine energy splittings.
Summary form only given. It is well-known that nonlinear interference effects in the resonant atom-light interaction can lead to interesting and important phenomena, such as electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of atomic medium, coherent population trapping, lasing without inversion, and others. Common to all these phenomena is the appearance of light-induced coherence between atomic levels, which are not coupled by dipole transitions. Recently Akulshin and co-workers (1998-9) have observed subnatural-width resonances in the absorption on the D/sub 2/ line of rubidium vapor under excitation by two copropagating optical waves with variable frequency offset. It is remarkable that, apart from expected EIT-resonances with negative sign, authors detected positive resonances termed as electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA). More recently, similar effects in a (3+5)-state system have been described as a result of constructive interference of the dipole excitation channels. We propose a simple theoretical model for EIA - a four-state N-atom. Remember that three-state /spl Lambda/- and V-systems give the EIT-resonances only.
Electromagnetically induced transparency and absorption is observed in a transmission of the coupling laser, locked to transition between hyperfine levels of the ground and excited states of 85Rb. The transmission was monitored in a V, Λ and N-type systems while the probe laser, with similar power as the coupling laser, scans across the hyperfine levels F' of the 2P3/2. The measured width of the EIT resonance increases with a square-root dependence of laser intensity. The EIA was observed only for a cycling transition and for F' = F+1, where F and F' are the angluar momentum of the hyper-fine levels of the 2S1/2 and 2P3/2, respectively. We demonstrated the effect of a three-photon EIA in a four-level scheme that involves the Raman transitions via virtual level.
Summary form only given. The results on experimental observation of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a four-level N-type scheme are presented. The experiments were performed on the D/sub 2/ absorption line of /sup 87/Rb. An experimental setup was based on two independent external cavity diode lasers (ECDL). The copropagating orthogonally polarized laser beams were passed through a rubidium cell. The frequency of one of the lasers (laser 1) was fixed and tuned to the center of the Doppler broadened group of transitions 5S/sub 1/2/(F=2)/spl rarr/5P/sub 3/2/(F=1,2,3).
We investigate both theoretically and experimentally the electro- magnetically induced transparency (EIT) phenomenon of atomic 87Rb at the room temperature with a static magnetic field lifting the degeneracy of all three involved hyperfine levels. Two collinearly propagating and linearly polarized laser fields (a probe field and a coupling field) are used to couple one hyperfine level (the upper level) of the 5P1/2 state to two hyperfine levels (the lower levels) of the 5S1/2 state, respectively. In the case of zero magnetic fields, we observed a deep EIT window with the contrast of about 66%. Here, the EIT window width is limited by both the spontaneous decay rate of the upper level and the coupling field intensity. When a magnetic field parallel to both laser beams is applied, the EIT window is split into three much narrower sub-windows with contrasts of about 32%. If the magnetic field is perpendicular to the laser beams, however, the EIT window is split into four much narrower sub-windows whose contrasts are 32% or 16%. This is because the decomposition of the linearly polarized optical fields strongly depends on the orientation of the used magnetic field. The underlying physics is that, in the limit of a weak probe field, an ideal degenerate three-level system can be split into three or four sets of independent three-level systems by a magnetic field due to the lifting of magnetic sublevels of the involved hyperfine levels. In this paper the absorption spectra corresponding to different magnetic field directions are clearly shown and compared. And a straightforward but effective theoretical method for analyzing the experimental results is put forward. Our theoretical calculations are in good agreement with the experimental results.