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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Nonlinear properties of electromagnetically induced transparency in rubidium vapor

Dmitry Strekalov, Andrey B. Matsko, Lute Maleki

Published Jan 1, 2005• 12 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Nonlinear properties of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) with respect to a weak probe light are studied. We observe EIT in a rubidium vapor, measure the slow light group velocity and the EIT resonance width, and find that those parameters show a strong dependence on the probe power. We theoretically study the influence of the EIT probe dependence on the performance of the EIT-based optical delay lines and magnetometers.

DOI
10.1364/josab.22.000065

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Nonlinear properties of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) with respect to a weak probe light are studied. We observe EIT in a rubidium vapor, measure the slow light group velocity and the EIT resonance width, and find that those parameters show a strong dependence on the probe power. We theoretically study the influence of the EIT probe dependence on the performance of the EIT-based optical delay lines and magnetometers.
We experimentally studied Zeeman electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonances and slow light propagation in hot Rb vapor. Propagation of weak σ− polarized light pulses in the presence of stronger σ+ polarized background through Rb vapor was realized using a single laser beam and the Pockels cell. The dependences of slow light group velocity and fractional pulse delay on the overall laser beam intensity and temporal pulse length showed that lower optical power and longer light pulses lead to improved EIT and slow light features. The connection between EIT and slow light was also investigated showing that narrower and more contrasted EIT resonances are necessary for further decreasing a group velocity.
We demonstrate electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a sample of rubidium atoms, trapped in an optical dipole trap. Mixing a small amount of σ−σ^-σ−-polarized light to the weak σ+σ^+σ+-polarized probe pulses, we are able to measure the absorptive and dispersive properties of the atomic medium at the same time. Features as small as 4 kHz have been detected on an absorption line with 20 MHz line width.
Abstract We present a theoretical study of supercontinuum generation in a Rubidium vapor cell under the conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). A weak probe pulse and a strong control laser beam were utilized within a lambda-type excitation scheme. We identified a significant Kerr nonlinearity on the order of 103 W−1m−1 and low group velocity dispersion on the order of 10−20 s2m−1 in the Rubidium vapor cell of length 2.54 cm at a probe wavelength of 781 nm. These parameters facilitated the generation of a 35nm supercontinuum, characterized by pronounced oscillations resulting from self-phase modulation and optical wave breaking. The findings suggest potential applications in nonlinear optical devices and spectroscopy.
This thesis presents theoretical derivations and experimental demonstrations of Kerr optical nonlinearities and their dynamics. The Kerr nonlinearity studied is based on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), and is known for having an unusually large cross-phase modulation (XPM) [1]. Also, quantum nondemolition (QND) measurements of photon number using the EIT Kerr nonlinearity are discussed. We first discuss the EIT line shapes in hot atomic vapors both with and without buffer gasses, and for the specific case of EIT line shapes on the D1 line of rubidium. Using a Bloch-vector formalism to describe EIT, we derive new expressions describing the dynamical evolution of the EIT Kerr nonlinearity and the rise-time of the EIT Kerr effect. The theory of the EIT Kerr dynamics is confirmed by experiments using hot rubidium vapor in a buffer gas. These experimental observations confirm that the rise-time of the EIT Kerr effect is linearly proportional to the optical thickness of the EIT medium and inversely proportional to the width of the EIT transparency resonance.
This thesis investigates the parameters of achieving electromagnetically induced transparency, or EIT. The technique of EIT manipulates the properties of atoms to partially cancel the usual absorption of laser light. In this experiment, the effect was observed using the D1 line of rubidium vapor and a Λ -configuration between the degenerate magnetic sublevels of the 5S1/2(F=1) and 5P1/2(F=1) hyperfine states. Among the parameters investigated were the linear and circular polarization of the light used to drive the transitions, the size of the laser beam used, the effects of the temperature of the rubidium interaction cell on EIT, the density of the rubidium atoms in the interaction cell, and the effects of changing the power of the fields used to drive the transitions. Careful measurements of these parameters were made.