Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

EFFECTS OF MODULATION SCHEMES ON OPTICAL PULSES TRANSITING AN ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENT MEDIUM

Wachter, Christian F.

Published Sep 1, 2023• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

This thesis investigates the result of modulation schemes in electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in rubidium vapor. Through the process of EIT, a control beam can be used to change the optical properties of a medium experienced by a probe field, generating a transparency window. The corresponding change in index of refraction results in slowed group velocity while the beam propagates through the medium. Modulation is used to transmit a message signal through a medium. In classical systems, this entails converting data into a radio frequency by adding a message to an electronic or optical carrier signal. The properties of EIT, light-slowing, and their impacts on a probe pulse with modulation will be confirmed through a detailed semi-classical analysis and by experimental observation.

Related papers

Attenuation, Delay and Noise properties of light slowed by Electromagnetically Induced Transparency

Kerry B. Burke

Electromagnetically Induced Transparency is an effect that allows light to propagate through an otherwise opaque material. Due to the dispersion properties of the EIT system, it also slows the information carried on the sideband frequencies of a light beam. The effect can also be used to store information in an atomic medium. It was therefore proposed that EIT systems can be applied in optical cicuits, specifically with regard to quantum information processing where it is necessary to delay, or store quantum states of light. Hence it is necessary to understand how EIT systems influence the quantum state of a light beam and whether EIT systems can ever have the potential to delay and store quantum information at the quantum noise limit. ¶ This thesis examines the transfer of an optical signal at the sideband frequencies through an EIT medium. A comprehensive characterisation of an EIT system in terms of delay and signal transmission is performed. This measurement technique provides data on EIT performance over a range of signal frequencies and a range of experimental parameters. Experiments were conducted with both pure Rubidium vapour and Rubidium vapour mixed with a noble gas. ¶ Studies have been made into a new system of measurement that will allow delay, attenuation and added noise spectra to be assessed via a single-shot measurement.

•Jan 1, 2006•0 citations

Dynamical control of pulse propagation in electromagnetically induced transparency

Martin Kiffner, Tarak Nath Dey

The influence of a phase-modulated control field on the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is investigated theoretically. We show that the phase modulation changes the dispersive properties of the medium considerably since it results in temporal oscillations of the transparency window in frequency space. This is in marked contrast to the standard EIT setup, where the transparency window is fixed and determined by the two-photon resonance condition. In particular, we find that the phase modulation enables the propagation of probe pulses with disjoint frequency spectra at different times and allows the shifting of the central frequency of a probe pulse almost without distortion of its shape. We employ the time-dependent susceptibility of the medium to explain and analyze our results and demonstrate that this concept yields qualitative as well as quantitative agreement with the numerical integration of Maxwell-Bloch equations. Our theoretical model can be applied to other media with time-dependent susceptibilities.

Physical Review A•Feb 24, 2009•9 citations

Dual control of slow light in reciprocal electromagnetically-induced-transparency conditions

D. Dziczek, Stanisław Chwirot

Electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) of atomic medium interacting with two laser beams can exhibit effects of reciprocal influence of both beams on optical properties of the medium. If the probe beam reaches instantaneous intensity comparable to that of the control beam, considerable energy is transferred to the latter. Resulting increase in the control-beam intensity temporarily modifies EIT conditions and consequently affects propagation of probe-beam pulses. The effect is particularly strong in atomic media exhibiting significant dissipation of radiation energy due to relaxation processes efficiently counteracting the optical pumping. Coherent interaction of atoms with both beams causes reduction of dissipation of the control beam (reciprocal EIT conditions). Our experiments with hot rubidium vapor demonstrate the possibility of dual control over slow propagation of light pulses in such media. Besides the well-known dependence on input control-beam intensity, the delays of output probe pulses depended significantly also on the energy of input probe pulses. Moreover, for relatively short input pulses, very specific shape of output pulses was observed, invariant in wide ranges of input probe pulse energies and control-beam intensities. The shapes of the output pulses were also the same for short input pulses of different shapes as well as for pulses temporarily stored in the medium by switching off the control beam during their propagation.

Physical Review A•Apr 6, 2009•6 citations

Two-way transparency in the light-matter interaction: Optical precursors with electromagnetically induced transparency

Heejeong Jeong, Shengwang Du

We theoretically study classical step-modulated pulse propagation in an optically thick medium with electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) using a fast Fourier transform and a proposed hybrid-asymptotic analysis. The 100% transmitted leading edge traveling at $c$ consists of Sommerfeld-Brillouin precursors. The main signal, falling inside of the narrow EIT window, experiences a steep dispersion and slow group velocity. We suggest active control of the precursors and main signal separately by adjusting the parameters of the medium and incident pulse.

Physical Review A•Jan 8, 2009•37 citations

Nonlinear properties of electromagnetically induced transparency in rubidium vapor

Dmitry Strekalov, Andrey B. Matsko, Lute Maleki

Nonlinear properties of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) with respect to a weak probe light are studied. We observe EIT in a rubidium vapor, measure the slow light group velocity and the EIT resonance width, and find that those parameters show a strong dependence on the probe power. We theoretically study the influence of the EIT probe dependence on the performance of the EIT-based optical delay lines and magnetometers.

Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Jan 1, 2005•12 citations

The Construction and Characterization of a Magneto-Optical Trap for Rubidium-87 and Electromagnetically-Induced Transparency in Rubidium-87 in a Vapor Cell

Yu Liu

Recent years have observed fast developments in neutral atomic vapor based quantum information storage technology. The technique utilizes light fields in the optical wavelength region as signal carrier and retriever and neutral atomic systems (e.g. single atoms, ensembles of atoms, atom-like defects in solids) as storage media. Photons are robust carriers of information due to their high velocity (c = 2.998 x 108 m/s) and ease of transportation (they propagate rectilinearly with low loss). Their high mobility, however, makes it a challenging task to spatially localize and therefore store them. Atoms (or atom-like systems), on the other hand, can be easily localized in space while providing quantum states accessible to photons and therefore are ideal candidates for storage media. Electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) is a light-induced atomic coherence phenomenon that dramatically modifies the optical properties of an atomic medium to a weak probe field by the application of a strong coupling field. As a probe pulse propagates in an EIT medium it experiences ultraslow group velocity and generates a copropagating spin wave. These consequences of EIT can be exploited for light pulse storage and retrieval in an atomic medium.

•Jan 1, 2014•0 citations
This thesis investigates the result of modulation schemes in electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in rubidium vapor. Through the process of EIT, a control beam can be used to change the optical properties of a medium experienced by a probe field, generating a transparency window. The corresponding change in index of refraction results in slowed group velocity while the beam propagates through the medium. Modulation is used to transmit a message signal through a medium. In classical systems, this entails converting data into a radio frequency by adding a message to an electronic or optical carrier signal. The properties of EIT, light-slowing, and their impacts on a probe pulse with modulation will be confirmed through a detailed semi-classical analysis and by experimental observation.
Electromagnetically Induced Transparency is an effect that allows light to propagate through an otherwise opaque material. Due to the dispersion properties of the EIT system, it also slows the information carried on the sideband frequencies of a light beam. The effect can also be used to store information in an atomic medium. It was therefore proposed that EIT systems can be applied in optical cicuits, specifically with regard to quantum information processing where it is necessary to delay, or store quantum states of light. Hence it is necessary to understand how EIT systems influence the quantum state of a light beam and whether EIT systems can ever have the potential to delay and store quantum information at the quantum noise limit. ¶ This thesis examines the transfer of an optical signal at the sideband frequencies through an EIT medium. A comprehensive characterisation of an EIT system in terms of delay and signal transmission is performed. This measurement technique provides data on EIT performance over a range of signal frequencies and a range of experimental parameters. Experiments were conducted with both pure Rubidium vapour and Rubidium vapour mixed with a noble gas. ¶ Studies have been made into a new system of measurement that will allow delay, attenuation and added noise spectra to be assessed via a single-shot measurement.
The influence of a phase-modulated control field on the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is investigated theoretically. We show that the phase modulation changes the dispersive properties of the medium considerably since it results in temporal oscillations of the transparency window in frequency space. This is in marked contrast to the standard EIT setup, where the transparency window is fixed and determined by the two-photon resonance condition. In particular, we find that the phase modulation enables the propagation of probe pulses with disjoint frequency spectra at different times and allows the shifting of the central frequency of a probe pulse almost without distortion of its shape. We employ the time-dependent susceptibility of the medium to explain and analyze our results and demonstrate that this concept yields qualitative as well as quantitative agreement with the numerical integration of Maxwell-Bloch equations. Our theoretical model can be applied to other media with time-dependent susceptibilities.
Electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) of atomic medium interacting with two laser beams can exhibit effects of reciprocal influence of both beams on optical properties of the medium. If the probe beam reaches instantaneous intensity comparable to that of the control beam, considerable energy is transferred to the latter. Resulting increase in the control-beam intensity temporarily modifies EIT conditions and consequently affects propagation of probe-beam pulses. The effect is particularly strong in atomic media exhibiting significant dissipation of radiation energy due to relaxation processes efficiently counteracting the optical pumping. Coherent interaction of atoms with both beams causes reduction of dissipation of the control beam (reciprocal EIT conditions). Our experiments with hot rubidium vapor demonstrate the possibility of dual control over slow propagation of light pulses in such media. Besides the well-known dependence on input control-beam intensity, the delays of output probe pulses depended significantly also on the energy of input probe pulses. Moreover, for relatively short input pulses, very specific shape of output pulses was observed, invariant in wide ranges of input probe pulse energies and control-beam intensities. The shapes of the output pulses were also the same for short input pulses of different shapes as well as for pulses temporarily stored in the medium by switching off the control beam during their propagation.
We theoretically study classical step-modulated pulse propagation in an optically thick medium with electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) using a fast Fourier transform and a proposed hybrid-asymptotic analysis. The 100% transmitted leading edge traveling at ccc consists of Sommerfeld-Brillouin precursors. The main signal, falling inside of the narrow EIT window, experiences a steep dispersion and slow group velocity. We suggest active control of the precursors and main signal separately by adjusting the parameters of the medium and incident pulse.
Recent years have observed fast developments in neutral atomic vapor based quantum information storage technology. The technique utilizes light fields in the optical wavelength region as signal carrier and retriever and neutral atomic systems (e.g. single atoms, ensembles of atoms, atom-like defects in solids) as storage media. Photons are robust carriers of information due to their high velocity (c = 2.998 x 108 m/s) and ease of transportation (they propagate rectilinearly with low loss). Their high mobility, however, makes it a challenging task to spatially localize and therefore store them. Atoms (or atom-like systems), on the other hand, can be easily localized in space while providing quantum states accessible to photons and therefore are ideal candidates for storage media. Electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) is a light-induced atomic coherence phenomenon that dramatically modifies the optical properties of an atomic medium to a weak probe field by the application of a strong coupling field. As a probe pulse propagates in an EIT medium it experiences ultraslow group velocity and generates a copropagating spin wave. These consequences of EIT can be exploited for light pulse storage and retrieval in an atomic medium.