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Physical Review A

Splitting of an electromagnetically induced transparency window of rubidium atoms in a static magnetic field

Xiaogang Wei, Jin‐Hui Wu, Gui-Xia Sun, Zhuang Shao, Zhi‐Hui Kang, Yun Jiang, Jin-Yue Gao

Published Aug 8, 2005• 51 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ vapor at the temperature of $325\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ in a magnetic field. Two linearly polarized orthogonal laser fields act on two dipole-allowed transitions of the $D1$ line of $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ in the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ configuration, respectively. In the absence of magnetic fields, we observe a wide EIT window with the contrast of about 66% while when the magnetic field is applied, the wide EIT window is split into three or four narrower subwindows with contrasts of 32% or 16% due to the lifting of magnetic sublevels' degeneracy. The number of EIT subwindows depends on the magnetic field orientation. Our theoretical simulations and analysis are in good agreement with the experimental results.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.72.023806

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Electro-magnetically induced transparency in a static magnetic field

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We investigate both theoretically and experimentally the electro- magnetically induced transparency (EIT) phenomenon of atomic 87Rb at the room temperature with a static magnetic field lifting the degeneracy of all three involved hyperfine levels. Two collinearly propagating and linearly polarized laser fields (a probe field and a coupling field) are used to couple one hyperfine level (the upper level) of the 5P1/2 state to two hyperfine levels (the lower levels) of the 5S1/2 state, respectively. In the case of zero magnetic fields, we observed a deep EIT window with the contrast of about 66%. Here, the EIT window width is limited by both the spontaneous decay rate of the upper level and the coupling field intensity. When a magnetic field parallel to both laser beams is applied, the EIT window is split into three much narrower sub-windows with contrasts of about 32%. If the magnetic field is perpendicular to the laser beams, however, the EIT window is split into four much narrower sub-windows whose contrasts are 32% or 16%. This is because the decomposition of the linearly polarized optical fields strongly depends on the orientation of the used magnetic field. The underlying physics is that, in the limit of a weak probe field, an ideal degenerate three-level system can be split into three or four sets of independent three-level systems by a magnetic field due to the lifting of magnetic sublevels of the involved hyperfine levels. In this paper the absorption spectra corresponding to different magnetic field directions are clearly shown and compared. And a straightforward but effective theoretical method for analyzing the experimental results is put forward. Our theoretical calculations are in good agreement with the experimental results.

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Feb 9, 2006•0 citations

Splitting of an Electromagnetically Induced Transparency Window of a Cascade System with133Cs Rydberg Atoms in a Static Magnetic Field

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We investigate the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of 133Cs vapor at the room temperature in a magnetic field. In a cascade three-level system involved Rydberg state, two collinearly counter-propagating and orthogonally linear-polarized laser fields act on cascaded two transitions, 6S1/2 → 6P3/2 and 6P3/2 ↔ 47D5/2, respectively. The EIT window become broadening and split into several sub-EIT windows when the magnetic field is applied. The dependences of splitting shape and intervals of sub-EIT windows on magnetic field are measured experimentally and compared with the theoretical calculation considering the different magnetic effects on ground state, low excited state and Rydberg state. The splitting intervals of sub-EIT windows are well consistent with theoretical calculation.

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Studies on Electromagnetically Induced Transparency in $\Lambda$-systems in $^{87}Rb$ atom

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We have investigated electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in two different $\Lambda$-systems in $^{87}Rb$ atom in $D_{2}$ line transitions. It is found that observed EIT signals in both the systems (A) ($|5^{2}S_{1/2} F=1\rangle \rightarrow |5^{2}P_{3/2} F'=1\rangle \leftarrow |5^{2}S_{1/2} F=2\rangle$) and (B) ($|5^{2}S_{1/2} F=1\rangle \rightarrow |5^{2}P_{3/2} F'=2\rangle \leftarrow |5^{2}S_{1/2} F=2\rangle$) have different strength and lineshape which are dependent on coupling beam power. For a given coupling beam power, the EIT signal with $\Lambda$-system (B) has more symmetric lineshape and greater strength than that obtained with system (A). The experimental results are in qualitative agreement with the results of a six-level theoretical model. We have further investigated EIT in both these $\Lambda$-systems in presence of applied longitudinal magnetic field and observed that separation between Zeeman split-EIT peaks increased linearly with the strength of the magnetic field. At a fixed value of applied magnetic field, the strength of Zeeman split-EIT peaks in both the $\Lambda$-systems increases with increase in coupling beam power. In presence of magnetic field and at higher coupling power, the observed EIT signals (central peaks) have higher slope than that of signals obtained in absence of magnetic field. These studies establish that $\Lambda$-system (B) is more useful than $\Lambda$-system (A) from applications point of view.

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Abstract We have studied the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of 87 Rb vapor at room temperature in a magnetic field with an arbitrary angle to the laser propagation direction. Rather than exposing atoms to a parallelled or transverse magnetic field as usual, in our work, we apply a magnetic field (up to 45 Gauss) with an arbitrary angle to the laser propagation direction and the spectra become much more complex. More EIT dips are observed due to the Zeeman splitting on the D 2 line of 87 Rb in a Λ -type configuration. With a 5 Torr N 2 buffer gas in the thermal 2 cm vapor cell, the state 5 2 P 3 / 2 has a very short effective lifetime, corresponding to a large energy broadening, which removes the velocity selective optical pumping effect almost completely and keeps the high resolution EIT spectrum for the energy splitting of 87 Rb in magnetic fields. The shifting of the EIT resonances with the strength of the applied magnetic field coincides well with the theory based on a full matrix Hamiltonian combined with a spectral decomposition method. Our work can be extended to measure the magnetic field vector in space. The effects of the detuning of the probe and coupling beams on the spectral lines are also investigated.

Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics•Apr 18, 2017•35 citations

Observation of the widening and shifting of EIT windows in a quasi-degenerate two-level atomic system

Yabin Dong, Junxiang Zhang, Haihong Wang +1 more

Widening and shifting the EIT windows in a closed transition F e = 2 ↔ F g = 3 driven by linearly polarized coupling lights and probed by circularly polarized lights are observed in Cs vapour. It is shown that by increasing the strength of magnetic field i.e. Zeeman splitting in the upper and lower levels, the electromagnetically induced transparency window is divided into two windows and the EIT maxima are shifted away from the zero detuning. In the contrast, if the strength of the magnetic field is fixed and the Rabi frequency of coupling beam is increased, the two EIT windows become wider, and the gap between the two EIT windows becomes smaller and smaller. These effects are also theoretically discussed and they are qualitatively in agreement with the theoretical results.

Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics•Aug 14, 2006•3 citations

Parameters Influencing Electromagnetically Induced Transparency

Margaret Fortman

This thesis investigates the parameters of achieving electromagnetically induced transparency, or EIT. The technique of EIT manipulates the properties of atoms to partially cancel the usual absorption of laser light. In this experiment, the effect was observed using the D1 line of rubidium vapor and a Λ -configuration between the degenerate magnetic sublevels of the 5S1/2(F=1) and 5P1/2(F=1) hyperfine states. Among the parameters investigated were the linear and circular polarization of the light used to drive the transitions, the size of the laser beam used, the effects of the temperature of the rubidium interaction cell on EIT, the density of the rubidium atoms in the interaction cell, and the effects of changing the power of the fields used to drive the transitions. Careful measurements of these parameters were made.

•Apr 26, 2018•0 citations
We study the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb vapor at the temperature of 325K325\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}325K in a magnetic field. Two linearly polarized orthogonal laser fields act on two dipole-allowed transitions of the D1D1D1 line of 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb in the \ensuremathΛ\ensuremath{\Lambda}\ensuremathΛ configuration, respectively. In the absence of magnetic fields, we observe a wide EIT window with the contrast of about 66% while when the magnetic field is applied, the wide EIT window is split into three or four narrower subwindows with contrasts of 32% or 16% due to the lifting of magnetic sublevels' degeneracy. The number of EIT subwindows depends on the magnetic field orientation. Our theoretical simulations and analysis are in good agreement with the experimental results.
We investigate both theoretically and experimentally the electro- magnetically induced transparency (EIT) phenomenon of atomic 87Rb at the room temperature with a static magnetic field lifting the degeneracy of all three involved hyperfine levels. Two collinearly propagating and linearly polarized laser fields (a probe field and a coupling field) are used to couple one hyperfine level (the upper level) of the 5P1/2 state to two hyperfine levels (the lower levels) of the 5S1/2 state, respectively. In the case of zero magnetic fields, we observed a deep EIT window with the contrast of about 66%. Here, the EIT window width is limited by both the spontaneous decay rate of the upper level and the coupling field intensity. When a magnetic field parallel to both laser beams is applied, the EIT window is split into three much narrower sub-windows with contrasts of about 32%. If the magnetic field is perpendicular to the laser beams, however, the EIT window is split into four much narrower sub-windows whose contrasts are 32% or 16%. This is because the decomposition of the linearly polarized optical fields strongly depends on the orientation of the used magnetic field. The underlying physics is that, in the limit of a weak probe field, an ideal degenerate three-level system can be split into three or four sets of independent three-level systems by a magnetic field due to the lifting of magnetic sublevels of the involved hyperfine levels. In this paper the absorption spectra corresponding to different magnetic field directions are clearly shown and compared. And a straightforward but effective theoretical method for analyzing the experimental results is put forward. Our theoretical calculations are in good agreement with the experimental results.
We investigate the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of 133Cs vapor at the room temperature in a magnetic field. In a cascade three-level system involved Rydberg state, two collinearly counter-propagating and orthogonally linear-polarized laser fields act on cascaded two transitions, 6S1/2 → 6P3/2 and 6P3/2 ↔ 47D5/2, respectively. The EIT window become broadening and split into several sub-EIT windows when the magnetic field is applied. The dependences of splitting shape and intervals of sub-EIT windows on magnetic field are measured experimentally and compared with the theoretical calculation considering the different magnetic effects on ground state, low excited state and Rydberg state. The splitting intervals of sub-EIT windows are well consistent with theoretical calculation.
Studies on Electromagnetically Induced Transparency in Λ\LambdaΛ-systems in 87Rb^{87}Rb87Rb atom
We have investigated electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in two different Λ\LambdaΛ-systems in 87Rb^{87}Rb87Rb atom in D2D_{2}D2​ line transitions. It is found that observed EIT signals in both the systems (A) (∣52S1/2F=1⟩→∣52P3/2F′=1⟩←∣52S1/2F=2⟩|5^{2}S_{1/2} F=1\rangle \rightarrow |5^{2}P_{3/2} F'=1\rangle \leftarrow |5^{2}S_{1/2} F=2\rangle∣52S1/2​F=1⟩→∣52P3/2​F′=1⟩←∣52S1/2​F=2⟩) and (B) (∣52S1/2F=1⟩→∣52P3/2F′=2⟩←∣52S1/2F=2⟩|5^{2}S_{1/2} F=1\rangle \rightarrow |5^{2}P_{3/2} F'=2\rangle \leftarrow |5^{2}S_{1/2} F=2\rangle∣52S1/2​F=1⟩→∣52P3/2​F′=2⟩←∣52S1/2​F=2⟩) have different strength and lineshape which are dependent on coupling beam power. For a given coupling beam power, the EIT signal with Λ\LambdaΛ-system (B) has more symmetric lineshape and greater strength than that obtained with system (A). The experimental results are in qualitative agreement with the results of a six-level theoretical model. We have further investigated EIT in both these Λ\LambdaΛ-systems in presence of applied longitudinal magnetic field and observed that separation between Zeeman split-EIT peaks increased linearly with the strength of the magnetic field. At a fixed value of applied magnetic field, the strength of Zeeman split-EIT peaks in both the Λ\LambdaΛ-systems increases with increase in coupling beam power. In presence of magnetic field and at higher coupling power, the observed EIT signals (central peaks) have higher slope than that of signals obtained in absence of magnetic field. These studies establish that Λ\LambdaΛ-system (B) is more useful than Λ\LambdaΛ-system (A) from applications point of view.
Abstract We have studied the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of 87 Rb vapor at room temperature in a magnetic field with an arbitrary angle to the laser propagation direction. Rather than exposing atoms to a parallelled or transverse magnetic field as usual, in our work, we apply a magnetic field (up to 45 Gauss) with an arbitrary angle to the laser propagation direction and the spectra become much more complex. More EIT dips are observed due to the Zeeman splitting on the D 2 line of 87 Rb in a Λ -type configuration. With a 5 Torr N 2 buffer gas in the thermal 2 cm vapor cell, the state 5 2 P 3 / 2 has a very short effective lifetime, corresponding to a large energy broadening, which removes the velocity selective optical pumping effect almost completely and keeps the high resolution EIT spectrum for the energy splitting of 87 Rb in magnetic fields. The shifting of the EIT resonances with the strength of the applied magnetic field coincides well with the theory based on a full matrix Hamiltonian combined with a spectral decomposition method. Our work can be extended to measure the magnetic field vector in space. The effects of the detuning of the probe and coupling beams on the spectral lines are also investigated.
Widening and shifting the EIT windows in a closed transition F e = 2 ↔ F g = 3 driven by linearly polarized coupling lights and probed by circularly polarized lights are observed in Cs vapour. It is shown that by increasing the strength of magnetic field i.e. Zeeman splitting in the upper and lower levels, the electromagnetically induced transparency window is divided into two windows and the EIT maxima are shifted away from the zero detuning. In the contrast, if the strength of the magnetic field is fixed and the Rabi frequency of coupling beam is increased, the two EIT windows become wider, and the gap between the two EIT windows becomes smaller and smaller. These effects are also theoretically discussed and they are qualitatively in agreement with the theoretical results.
This thesis investigates the parameters of achieving electromagnetically induced transparency, or EIT. The technique of EIT manipulates the properties of atoms to partially cancel the usual absorption of laser light. In this experiment, the effect was observed using the D1 line of rubidium vapor and a Λ -configuration between the degenerate magnetic sublevels of the 5S1/2(F=1) and 5P1/2(F=1) hyperfine states. Among the parameters investigated were the linear and circular polarization of the light used to drive the transitions, the size of the laser beam used, the effects of the temperature of the rubidium interaction cell on EIT, the density of the rubidium atoms in the interaction cell, and the effects of changing the power of the fields used to drive the transitions. Careful measurements of these parameters were made.