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IEEE Photonics Technology Letters

Simultaneous measurements of lifetime, gain and emission cross section in a neodymium-doped fiber

Bernard Dussardier, Gérard Monnom, Eric Maurice, A. Saı̈ssy, Daniel B. Ostrowsky

Published Apr 1, 1993• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A method for measuring the gain and the emission cross section of the four-level neodymium system in doped waveguides is presented. The method is based on a temporal analysis of the fluorescence decay occurring when the pump is switched off, after establishing a steady-state with high levels of absorbed power. For the case of doped fibers, results obtained using this method are compared with the usual low signal amplification technique, using a launched signal in the fiber, and the agreement is good. It is shown that the technique allows a rapid, simple method of determining low signal gain.>

DOI
10.1109/68.212685

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The inhomogeneous behavior of the 1.06 /spl mu/m-neodymium transitions in doped optical fibers have been investigated, using the fluorescence line narrowing technique, pumping on the /sup 4/F/sub 3/2/ and /sup 4/F/sub 5/2/ sublevels at 4 K. Each observed transition has been identified. As the pump wavelength varies, the shift of the main fluorescence line is 40 nm, with the two pumping levels. We have studied the spectral behavior of the superfluorescence as a function of the pump wavelength, the temperature, and the absorbed power. The spectral evolution depends on /spl lambda//sub p/ with 19 nm-tuning range at low temperature. At 300 K, the quasihomogeneous behavior of the transition decreases the tunability to 14 nm. Based on these results, we present a simple technique permitting precise prediction of gain and spectral line shapes of superfluorescent Nd-doped fiber sources.>

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A method for the measurement of the quotient of the emission and absorption cross section of erbium-doped fibers is presented which utilizes the spontaneous emission perpendicular to the fiber axis. The maximum population of the first excited state achievable through illumination by signal light (/spl lambda//sub s/=1530 nm) is fixed by the quotient of the absorption and the emission cross section. This fact is used to determine the desired quotient. First measurements show that this method is very simple and highly accurate.>

IEEE Photonics Technology Letters•Sep 1, 1995•22 citations
A method for measuring the gain and the emission cross section of the four-level neodymium system in doped waveguides is presented. The method is based on a temporal analysis of the fluorescence decay occurring when the pump is switched off, after establishing a steady-state with high levels of absorbed power. For the case of doped fibers, results obtained using this method are compared with the usual low signal amplification technique, using a launched signal in the fiber, and the agreement is good. It is shown that the technique allows a rapid, simple method of determining low signal gain.>
To analyze recent experiments with a neodymium-doped fiber amplifier operating in the E-band of wavelengths (1350-1450 nm) and embedded in fused silica, we develop a time-dependent model consisting of rate equations for the aggregate ion populations and the radiation intensities along the amplifier axis. Both copropagating and counterpropagating intensities, including amplified spontaneous emission, are incorporated. The wavelength-dependent cross section for excited state absorption is inferred from auxiliary measurements. Steady-state solutions are obtained over a range of seed wavelengths and powers. The resulting gain curves agree with experiment at low to intermediate powers (less than ∼1 mW). With a proposed addition to the system loss, the agreement extends to saturation (∼100 mW).
In this presentation, preliminary observations and measurements of increased switching speeds in resonantly enhanced nonlinear systems are shown. The method uses stimulated down- pumping of the 4F3/2 metastable state in neodymium, but is applicable to any four- level system, or pseudo-four-level system such as erbium. Since the stimulated down-pumping is only initiated at the end of each switching period, the lifetime of the metastable state is not affected. Thus high up-pumping efficiencies are still possible. This allows both low power operation and fast relaxation to be achieved in the same switching system. The relaxation time has been reduced from approximately 390 microsecond(s) to less than 120 microsecond(s) , and it is shown that the reduction is dependent on the power of the down-pumping source.
The inhomogeneous behavior of the 1.06 /spl mu/m-neodymium transitions in doped optical fibers have been investigated, using the fluorescence line narrowing technique, pumping on the /sup 4/F/sub 3/2/ and /sup 4/F/sub 5/2/ sublevels at 4 K. Each observed transition has been identified. As the pump wavelength varies, the shift of the main fluorescence line is 40 nm, with the two pumping levels. We have studied the spectral behavior of the superfluorescence as a function of the pump wavelength, the temperature, and the absorbed power. The spectral evolution depends on /spl lambda//sub p/ with 19 nm-tuning range at low temperature. At 300 K, the quasihomogeneous behavior of the transition decreases the tunability to 14 nm. Based on these results, we present a simple technique permitting precise prediction of gain and spectral line shapes of superfluorescent Nd-doped fiber sources.>
A method for the measurement of the quotient of the emission and absorption cross section of erbium-doped fibers is presented which utilizes the spontaneous emission perpendicular to the fiber axis. The maximum population of the first excited state achievable through illumination by signal light (/spl lambda//sub s/=1530 nm) is fixed by the quotient of the absorption and the emission cross section. This fact is used to determine the desired quotient. First measurements show that this method is very simple and highly accurate.>