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IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics

Erbium-doped fiber characterization by fluorescence dynamics measurement

Juan Carlos Martín, J.M. Alvarez, M. Á. Rebolledo

Published Jan 1, 1996• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A technique for erbium-doped fiber characterization is presented. Its foundation lies in the study of the transversal and copropagating fluorescence time evolution when pumping is switched on and off. A model that describes these phenomena is developed, and experimental results, in good agreement with the model, are shown. The stimulated emission cross sections and an effective erbium-density distribution are determined from the measurements.

DOI
10.1109/3.538776

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IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics•Jun 5, 2012•7 citations
A technique for erbium-doped fiber characterization is presented. Its foundation lies in the study of the transversal and copropagating fluorescence time evolution when pumping is switched on and off. A model that describes these phenomena is developed, and experimental results, in good agreement with the model, are shown. The stimulated emission cross sections and an effective erbium-density distribution are determined from the measurements.
"Theoretical evaluations of polarization degree of the fluorescence excited in erbium doped fibers (EDF) dependence on the excitation light power are presented. In calculations we use the model of randomly oriented and not interacting Er3+ ions. Assumption of the reduced optical anisotropy of the individual ions (with the absorption/emission cross-sections described with the ellipsoids) is shown to be necessary to get a reasonable agreement with the existing experimental data. Similar values of the anisotropy parameters (0.6-0.7) are also utilized to explain the experimental data on polarization hole burning in EDF earlier."
The present paper reports and discusses a characterization method for erbium-doped-silica photonic crystal fibers based on the measurement of pump power attenuation and gain together with the McCumber theory. The absorption and emission cross sections and the passive losses of the fiber were obtained from a fitting procedure of theoretical to experimental values. The method was checked by means of a home-made photonic crystal fiber to verify its reliability. Finally, it was found that the characteristic parameters obtained by this method can be used to accurately simulate the performance of the fiber and therefore to design devices based on it.
A method for the measurement of the quotient of the emission and absorption cross section of erbium-doped fibers is presented which utilizes the spontaneous emission perpendicular to the fiber axis. The maximum population of the first excited state achievable through illumination by signal light (/spl lambda//sub s/=1530 nm) is fixed by the quotient of the absorption and the emission cross section. This fact is used to determine the desired quotient. First measurements show that this method is very simple and highly accurate.>
For a monochromatic input signal launched into an erbium-doped fiber (EDF), a broadband fluorescence spectrum will be generated with total power approximately 30 dB lower than input signal power. The forward fluorescence power decays slowly at long EDF length due to smaller absorption cross section for wavelength components away from absorption peak. Care must be taken when the conventional cutback method is used to measure the attenuation of the optical signals in an EDF. The backward fluorescence power is saturated to a constant level, and the spectrum does not change for long EDF.>
Measurements of time evolution of amplified spontaneous emission for square-wave modulated pump were made on a highly erbium-doped silica photonic crystal fiber and fitted to theoretical results calculated using different formalisms to describe theEr3+{\rm Er}^{3+}Er3+-ion migration-assisted co-operative upconversion mechanism in the population densities rate equations. The determined characterization parameters are the constant homogeneous upconversion coefficient, 3.0×10−24 m3/s\times 10^{-24}~{\rm m}^{3}/{\rm s}×10−24 m3/s, the critical radii for upconversion and migration, 10.5 and 14Å, respectively, and the rate of clustered ions, 14%. These parameters are analysed and compared to those obtained with continuous-wave pump characterization techniques. Although similar values are obtainable for many parameters using steady-state and dynamic characterization techniques, if a careful enough modelling is carried out, dynamic techniques are preferable to assess the presence of pair-induced quenching.