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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Transverse detection of fluorescence emitted by erbium-doped optical fibers

J. R. Mireles, Diana Tentori

Published Aug 11, 2011• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We describe a simple and precise experimental procedure for the detection of the transverse fluorescence emitted by excited ions in erbium-doped fibers. The modulation of the optical pump (980 nm) power allows distinguishing between transverse fluorescence and pump radiated modes in the measured optical signal using a broadband InGaAs detector.

DOI
10.1117/12.902634

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We describe a simple and precise experimental procedure for the detection of the transverse fluorescence emitted by excited ions in erbium-doped fibers. The modulation of the optical pump (980 nm) power allows distinguishing between transverse fluorescence and pump radiated modes in the measured optical signal using a broadband InGaAs detector.
For a monochromatic input signal launched into an erbium-doped fiber (EDF), a broadband fluorescence spectrum will be generated with total power approximately 30 dB lower than input signal power. The forward fluorescence power decays slowly at long EDF length due to smaller absorption cross section for wavelength components away from absorption peak. Care must be taken when the conventional cutback method is used to measure the attenuation of the optical signals in an EDF. The backward fluorescence power is saturated to a constant level, and the spectrum does not change for long EDF.>
"Theoretical evaluations of polarization degree of the fluorescence excited in erbium doped fibers (EDF) dependence on the excitation light power are presented. In calculations we use the model of randomly oriented and not interacting Er3+ ions. Assumption of the reduced optical anisotropy of the individual ions (with the absorption/emission cross-sections described with the ellipsoids) is shown to be necessary to get a reasonable agreement with the existing experimental data. Similar values of the anisotropy parameters (0.6-0.7) are also utilized to explain the experimental data on polarization hole burning in EDF earlier."
We report the observation of fluorescence at 530 to 550 nm from erbium-doped germanosilicate fiber under strong pumping in the 980-nm band. The observed nonlinear dependence on pump power is shown to arise from a sequential two-photon absorption from the ground state to the (4)F(7/2) state through the short-lived (4)I(11/2) intermediate state. Rate-equation modeling shows that the pump power dependence of this intermediate excited-state absorption is influenced by population cycling induced by amplified spontaneous emission in the fiber from the metastable (4)I(13/2) state.
We report a study of the excited-state absorption (ESA) in erbium-doped silica fiber (EDF) pumped at 977 nm, when the fiber is simultaneously excited by signal radiation at 1531 nm. We show, both experimentally and theoretically, that ESA efficiency at 977 nm gets strongly enhanced only in the presence of signal power. Experimentally, this conclusion is supported through the detection of upconversion emission, a “fingerprint” of the ESA process, and through the measurements of the EDF nonlinear transmission coefficient for the pump wavelength, which is sensitive to the ESA value. It is shown that the experimental data are precisely modeled with an advanced five-level Er3+ model developed for the EDF.