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Optics Letters

Intermediate excited-state absorption in erbium-doped fiber strongly pumped at 980 nm

Peter A. Krug, Mark G. Sceats, Graham R. Atkins, S.C. Guy, S.B. Poole

Published Dec 15, 1991• 41 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report the observation of fluorescence at 530 to 550 nm from erbium-doped germanosilicate fiber under strong pumping in the 980-nm band. The observed nonlinear dependence on pump power is shown to arise from a sequential two-photon absorption from the ground state to the (4)F(7/2) state through the short-lived (4)I(11/2) intermediate state. Rate-equation modeling shows that the pump power dependence of this intermediate excited-state absorption is influenced by population cycling induced by amplified spontaneous emission in the fiber from the metastable (4)I(13/2) state.

DOI
10.1364/ol.16.001976

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Excited-state absorption and gain in erbium-fiber amplifiers between 1.05 and 1.35 mu m

Mark C. Farries

Measurements of the transmission of an erbium-doped fiber amplifier in the wavelength range 1.05-1.35 mu m are reported. Excited-state absorption at 1.14 mu m and gain at 1.24 mu m are observed when the amplifier is pumped at 528 nm. There is good agreement between the measured excited-state absorption and gain and that predicted from the energy bands. An excited state absorption between 1.5 and 1.75 mu m is predicted from absorption measurements.>

IEEE Photonics Technology Letters•Jul 1, 1991•3 citations
We report the observation of fluorescence at 530 to 550 nm from erbium-doped germanosilicate fiber under strong pumping in the 980-nm band. The observed nonlinear dependence on pump power is shown to arise from a sequential two-photon absorption from the ground state to the (4)F(7/2) state through the short-lived (4)I(11/2) intermediate state. Rate-equation modeling shows that the pump power dependence of this intermediate excited-state absorption is influenced by population cycling induced by amplified spontaneous emission in the fiber from the metastable (4)I(13/2) state.
We report a study of the excited-state absorption (ESA) in erbium-doped silica fiber (EDF) pumped at 977 nm, when the fiber is simultaneously excited by signal radiation at 1531 nm. We show, both experimentally and theoretically, that ESA efficiency at 977 nm gets strongly enhanced only in the presence of signal power. Experimentally, this conclusion is supported through the detection of upconversion emission, a “fingerprint” of the ESA process, and through the measurements of the EDF nonlinear transmission coefficient for the pump wavelength, which is sensitive to the ESA value. It is shown that the experimental data are precisely modeled with an advanced five-level Er3+ model developed for the EDF.
We applied an erbrium-doped fiber amplifier characterization method previously reported for 1480-nm pumped amplifiers to a 980-nm amplifier, obtaining absorption and emission coefficients, as well as the dopant concentration in fiber. Gain and fluorescence (amplified spontaneous emission) simulations performed from the obtained features agree well with experimental results. Nevertheless, at certain high-gain circumstances, disagreements appear in the form of spectral hole burning, which can present high magnitudes and whose nature is discussed.
Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers (EDFAs) can very efficiently convert pump to signal energy. Quantum efficiencies higher than 80 % with 1.48 pm pump [1], and 93% when pumped at 980 nm [2] are reported. However, even higher values should be theoretically possible for an ideal EDFA. Various physical effects may lead to quantum efficiency (QE) reduction. Not all of them are quite well understood yet. At Erbium concentrations above 100 ppm by weight the pump loss is partly explained by energy transfer between two excited ions resulting in upcon- version process [3]. At low concentrations Excited-State Absorption (ESA) could be a more significant effect reducing QE. ESA of photons from 1.5 |im band have been predicted from absorption measurements [4] and also observed [5]. However, to our knowledge, no quantitative analysis has been made which would distinguish between the contributions of ESA and two-particle upconversion when measurements of short wavelength luminescence were performed.