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Optics Letters

Successive excited-state absorption through a multistep process in highly Er^3+-doped fiber pumped by a 148-μm laser diode

Shin Arahira, Kenji Watanabe, Keisuke Shinozaki, Yoh Ogawa

Published Dec 1, 1992• 35 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The fluorescence spectra ranging from 400 to 1000 nm were investigated on highly Er(3+) -doped fiber pumped by a 1.48-microm laser diode. A strong green emission was observed. An investigation of the fluorescence intensity dependence on pump power revealed that the green emission is attributed to successive excited-state absorption through a three-step process and also that saturation of the atomic levels that contribute to the emission occurs.

DOI
10.1364/ol.17.001679

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Laser Physics•Nov 1, 2008•7 citations
The fluorescence spectra ranging from 400 to 1000 nm were investigated on highly Er(3+) -doped fiber pumped by a 1.48-microm laser diode. A strong green emission was observed. An investigation of the fluorescence intensity dependence on pump power revealed that the green emission is attributed to successive excited-state absorption through a three-step process and also that saturation of the atomic levels that contribute to the emission occurs.
We report the observation of fluorescence at 530 to 550 nm from erbium-doped germanosilicate fiber under strong pumping in the 980-nm band. The observed nonlinear dependence on pump power is shown to arise from a sequential two-photon absorption from the ground state to the (4)F(7/2) state through the short-lived (4)I(11/2) intermediate state. Rate-equation modeling shows that the pump power dependence of this intermediate excited-state absorption is influenced by population cycling induced by amplified spontaneous emission in the fiber from the metastable (4)I(13/2) state.
We report a study of the excited-state absorption (ESA) in erbium-doped silica fiber (EDF) pumped at 977 nm, when the fiber is simultaneously excited by signal radiation at 1531 nm. We show, both experimentally and theoretically, that ESA efficiency at 977 nm gets strongly enhanced only in the presence of signal power. Experimentally, this conclusion is supported through the detection of upconversion emission, a “fingerprint” of the ESA process, and through the measurements of the EDF nonlinear transmission coefficient for the pump wavelength, which is sensitive to the ESA value. It is shown that the experimental data are precisely modeled with an advanced five-level Er3+ model developed for the EDF.
A gain coefficient of 3.8 dB/mW was achieved for an erbium-doped fiber amplifier pumped by a 1.48 mu m laser diode. The main reasons for the improvement are high NA (0.23) and low concentration (43 p.p.m.). Pump-to-signal energy conversion efficiency was 18% at 3 dB gain compression. A decrease in saturation power with increasing erbium concentration was also demonstrated. In high-concentration fiber, fluorescence at 0.98 mu m due to cooperative upconversion was detected. These results indicate that several kilometers of distributed fiber amplifier with high gain and high output saturation power could be possible, because the absorption coefficient at 1.48 mu m is still two orders higher than the background loss in the 43 p.p.m. fiber.>
Using a laser diode modulated at 250 and 500 MHz, dependence of enhanced absorption on both sample length and temperature was investigated in an erbium doped yttrium aluminum garnet crystal. The transmitted laser intensity decreased with a decay time of 300 ps for sample lengths greater than 3.0 mm and temperatures higher than 50 K when the incident laser intensity increased. In addition, an emission peak was observed near 835 nm corresponding to the transition from the S3/24 level to the I13/24 in Er3+. It was suggested that the enhanced absorption was caused by stimulated emission in three excited states.