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Applied Optics

Multipage storage in a LiNbO_3:Fe crystal sheet using the photorefractive light-climbing effect

Qiyin Fang, Jingjun Xu, Qian Sun, Simin Liu, Guangyin Zhang, Chaoli Ma, Guoquan Zhang, Guoyun Tian

Published Dec 1, 1996• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

The storage application of the light-climbing effect in a LiNbO(3):Fe crystal has been studied experimentally. A new type of photorefractive storage in LiNbO(3):Fe crystals, in which one could write the multipage simultaneously and at a later time read out the multistored pages, using only one readout beam simultaneously, has been demonstrated successfully. Furthermore the signal-to-noise ratio of the output images was high because the climbing lights suppressed the fanning noise scattering lights.

DOI
10.1364/ao.35.006744

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The storage application of the light-climbing effect in a LiNbO(3):Fe crystal has been studied experimentally. A new type of photorefractive storage in LiNbO(3):Fe crystals, in which one could write the multipage simultaneously and at a later time read out the multistored pages, using only one readout beam simultaneously, has been demonstrated successfully. Furthermore the signal-to-noise ratio of the output images was high because the climbing lights suppressed the fanning noise scattering lights.
We propose and demonstrate a new long-term readout holographic memory using two photorefractive crystals. Images are stored in the first crystal and reconstructed with low-intensity beams, then amplified in the second crystal operating in a high-gain low-noise configuration. By using combinations of LiNbO(3)/Bi(12)SiO(20) and BaTiO(3)/Bi(12)SiO(20) as storage/amplification crystals, continuous readout of the angularly coded memories for more than 20 h and 40 min, respectively, is experimentally achieved. A lower bound for the index modulation to be allocated to one stored image in LiNbO(3)is estimated.
Stationary photorefractive self-pumped phase-conjugation with one four-wave-mixing interaction region, stimulated by the photorefractive amplified backward scattering, is obtained in LiNbO 3 :Fe crystals, in which the strong backward scattered light is gotten by putting a scattering particle on the backface of the sample. Even though its reflectivities are not high (its temporal and stationary reflectivities are 10% and 3%, respectively), due to the low electrooptic coefficients of LiNbO 3 :Fe crystals, our experimental results prove that this mechanism is effective and simple comparing with the "cat" self-pumped phase-conjugator.
We propose and demonstrate a long-term readout photorefractive memory. It is made up of two photorefractive crystals: the first where the images are stored and the second where the signal is amplified by use of a low-noise self-bent pump-beam technique, making it possible to use very low illumination of the storage crystal. A LiNbO(3)/BaTiO(3) configuration is used with angular multiplexing; this technique permits continuous readout for more than 60 days. The long-term storage capacity and the maximum number of stored images are estimated.
We propose and experimentally demonstrate two original methods for suppressing the beam fanning noise of photorefractive amplifiers. The first one involves two wave mixing in a slowly rotating crystal, while the second requires to tilt the crystal with respect to the recording beams. This method applies to materials which exhibit a sharp resonance of the gain versus the pump-probe beam angle. With both methods a large improvement of the S/N ratio is achieved and virtually noise free image amplifiers are demonstrated. In Bi12SiO20, subpicowatt optical signals are detected and amplified. By using combinations of LiNbO3/Bi12SiO20, as storage and amplification crystals respectively a long term readout (more than 20 hours) of a photorefractive memory is achieved.
Experimental observation of optical bistability in a nonlinear two-dimensional volume refractive index grating is reported. The index grating in LiNbO 3 : 0.1 wt.% Fe photorefractive single crystal was fabricated by using hologram recording and subsequent thermal fixing techniques. Due to the thermal fixing, the stored 2D volume index grating shows no optical erasure during readout. An explanation of the nonlinear phenomena is also given in terms of the intensity-enhanced bulk photovoltaic effects in LiNbO 3 :Fe material.