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Chinese Physics Letters

Stationary Photorefractive Self-Pump Phase-Conjugation with Stimulated Backward Scattering in LiNbO 3 :Fe Crystals

Jingjun Xu, Xin-zheng Zhang, Qian Sun, Guoquan Zhang, Nouel Y. Kamber, Si-min Liu, Guangyin Zhang

Published Jan 1, 1999• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Stationary photorefractive self-pumped phase-conjugation with one four-wave-mixing interaction region, stimulated by the photorefractive amplified backward scattering, is obtained in LiNbO 3 :Fe crystals, in which the strong backward scattered light is gotten by putting a scattering particle on the backface of the sample. Even though its reflectivities are not high (its temporal and stationary reflectivities are 10% and 3%, respectively), due to the low electrooptic coefficients of LiNbO 3 :Fe crystals, our experimental results prove that this mechanism is effective and simple comparing with the "cat" self-pumped phase-conjugator.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/16/1/011

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Stationary photorefractive self-pumped phase-conjugation with one four-wave-mixing interaction region, stimulated by the photorefractive amplified backward scattering, is obtained in LiNbO 3 :Fe crystals, in which the strong backward scattered light is gotten by putting a scattering particle on the backface of the sample. Even though its reflectivities are not high (its temporal and stationary reflectivities are 10% and 3%, respectively), due to the low electrooptic coefficients of LiNbO 3 :Fe crystals, our experimental results prove that this mechanism is effective and simple comparing with the "cat" self-pumped phase-conjugator.
The threshold for self-pumped optical phase conjugation by means of backward stimulated photorefractive scattering has been dramatically lowered by inserting a retroreflecting screen into the path of the beam after the beam leaves a BaTiO3 crystal. Stable reflectivities of as much as −60% and good phase-conjugate fidelity have been demonstrated in a crystal that has too low a gain–length product to exhibit unseeded backward stimulated scattering. Precise control of the threshold for stimulated scattering is demonstrated by adjusting the seed intensity. Reflectivity and fidelity are experimentally characterized at 515 nm as a function of the following parameters: pump and seed intensities, crystal angle with respect to the incident beam direction, crystal interaction length, crystal–lens separation, and aberration strength. Operation at 633, 730–800, and 839 nm is demonstrated also.
Effects of stimulated photorefractive backscattering (SPB) interactions in both stimulated photorefractive backscattering and four-wave mixing (SPB-FWM) and total internal reflection (TIR) self-pumped phase conjugators have been analyzed theoretically. SPB interactions in the four-wave mixing regions are neglected. Calculations show that the operational threshold and the phase conjugation reflectivity of both phase conjugators are very sensitive to the backscattering two-wave mixing gain coefficient of the crystals. From these results the mechanism transition phenomenon of a self-pumped phase conjugator between SPB-FWM and TIR can be explained if the backscattering gain coefficient of the crystal varies with doping concentration or with wavelength.
Both backward and forward phase conjugate waves have been observed indegenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) in a LiNbO 3 :Fe crystalline slab. Investigation shows that the observed forward phase conjugate wave consists of two main contributions. The dominant contribution is the phase conjugate wave of the reflected signal beam. The other contribution arises from the reflection of backward phase conjugate wave at the front surface of the crystal. The intensity of the forward phase conjugate wave is comparable with that of the backward phase conjugate wave.