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Acta Physica Sinica (Overseas Edition)

A continuous compound four-wave mixing mechanism for self-pumped phase conjugation in BaTiO 3 crystals

Ping Xie, Jian-Hua Dai, Wang Peng-ye, Zhang Hong-jun, Lin Hong

Published Aug 1, 1995• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A continuous compound four-wave mixing mechanism for self-pumped phase conjugation in photorefractive crystals is presented. The coupled-beam equations of this mechanism are solved numerically when depletion of the forward going beam is neglected. The experiment in a Ce-doped BaTiO 3 crystal is performed, with the stable phase conjugate reflectivity of as much as ⩾ 80%. The curved high output phase conjugate intensity are explained using the numerical results.

DOI
10.1088/1004-423x/4/8/003

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A continuous compound four-wave mixing mechanism for self-pumped phase conjugation in photorefractive crystals is presented. The coupled-beam equations of this mechanism are solved numerically when depletion of the forward going beam is neglected. The experiment in a Ce-doped BaTiO 3 crystal is performed, with the stable phase conjugate reflectivity of as much as ⩾ 80%. The curved high output phase conjugate intensity are explained using the numerical results.
We analyze the phase-conjugate reflectivity and the amplification property of cross-polarized four-wave mixing with a photorefractive BaTiO3 crystal in consideration of the pump-beam depletion. The coupled-wave equations of cross-polarized four-wave mixing with ordinary writing beams and an extraordinary reading beam are derived and solved with the grating-integral method. The results of calculations of the reflectivity and the amplification factors will be compared with the result under the undepleted-pumps approximation. In addition, to achieve high conversion efficiency, the optimum conditions for the intensity ratio and the angle configurations of the probe and pump beams are also discussed.
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We have demonstrated experimentally the simultaneous self-conjugation of extraordinarily and ordinarily polarized light waves (lambda=514 nm), with the polarization state preserved, in a Ce:BaTiO(3) crystal. Conjugate o waves originate from coupling between o and e waves by means of a circular photogalvanic effect. The conjugator also takes advantage of the Ce:BaTiO(3) crystal, for which it is easy to generate an extraordinary conjugate beam by photorefractive backscattering. This beam of light is necessary for double phase conjugation.
Phase conjugate reflectivity of the photorefractive four-wave mixing system is usually quite unstable and it is serious issue for practical use of these systems. The cause of this instability is mainly combination of the fluctuation of the phases of input signal and pump beams and the slow response time of the photorefractive crystal. When all input beams in the four-wave mixing system are mutually coherent and the phases of the input beams are not stable, four kinds of gratings are compete each other and the phase conjugate output becomes quite unstable. To avoid this problem, we can make one of the pump incoherent to the signal and another pump1. The phase conjugate output is, however, still unstable due to the rewriting of the grating caused by the fluctuation of the phase of the input beams. In this paper, we report our feedback system to stabilize the power of the phase conjugate output from the four-wave mixing system by controlling the phase of the signal beam. In this system, we detect the phase difference between signal and forward pump beam with lock-in amplifier and control the phase of the signal with a piezoelectric mirror to stabilize the phase difference.
We present a plane-wave analysis of a recently demonstrated self-pumped phase conjugator. This device uses four-wave mixing to produce the phase-conjugate replica of an incident optical wave. All the waves are derived from the single incident wave: there are no externally supplied pumping beams. We consider the case of four-wave mixing in two interaction regions coupled by simple reflection. We calculate the phase-conjugate reflectivity as a function of coupling strength, taking into account imperfect coupling between the two interaction regions, and show that there is a threshold coupling strength below which the reflectivity is zero and above which the reflectivity is multiple valued. We also compute the coupling strength per unit length for a photorefractive crystal of barium titanate.