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Applied Optics

Long-term continuous readout of a photorefractive memory with BaTiO_3 postamplification

Jérôme Colin, Sambath Bann, Henri J. Rajbenbach, Jean‐Pierre Huignard

Published Dec 10, 1997• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose and demonstrate a long-term readout photorefractive memory. It is made up of two photorefractive crystals: the first where the images are stored and the second where the signal is amplified by use of a low-noise self-bent pump-beam technique, making it possible to use very low illumination of the storage crystal. A LiNbO(3)/BaTiO(3) configuration is used with angular multiplexing; this technique permits continuous readout for more than 60 days. The long-term storage capacity and the maximum number of stored images are estimated.

DOI
10.1364/ao.36.009304

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We propose and demonstrate a long-term readout photorefractive memory. It is made up of two photorefractive crystals: the first where the images are stored and the second where the signal is amplified by use of a low-noise self-bent pump-beam technique, making it possible to use very low illumination of the storage crystal. A LiNbO(3)/BaTiO(3) configuration is used with angular multiplexing; this technique permits continuous readout for more than 60 days. The long-term storage capacity and the maximum number of stored images are estimated.
We propose and demonstrate a new long-term readout holographic memory using two photorefractive crystals. Images are stored in the first crystal and reconstructed with low-intensity beams, then amplified in the second crystal operating in a high-gain low-noise configuration. By using combinations of LiNbO(3)/Bi(12)SiO(20) and BaTiO(3)/Bi(12)SiO(20) as storage/amplification crystals, continuous readout of the angularly coded memories for more than 20 h and 40 min, respectively, is experimentally achieved. A lower bound for the index modulation to be allocated to one stored image in LiNbO(3)is estimated.
We propose and experimentally demonstrate two original methods for suppressing the beam fanning noise of photorefractive amplifiers. The first one involves two wave mixing in a slowly rotating crystal, while the second requires to tilt the crystal with respect to the recording beams. This method applies to materials which exhibit a sharp resonance of the gain versus the pump-probe beam angle. With both methods a large improvement of the S/N ratio is achieved and virtually noise free image amplifiers are demonstrated. In Bi12SiO20, subpicowatt optical signals are detected and amplified. By using combinations of LiNbO3/Bi12SiO20, as storage and amplification crystals respectively a long term readout (more than 20 hours) of a photorefractive memory is achieved.
We propose a dynamic refreshing technique in a photorefractive memory with double mutually pumped phase conjugate mirrors. Long-term continuous readout without any fixing technique can be achieved by the high quality image refreshing that uses the resonance of the phase conjugate beams with image information between phase conjugate mirrors. We perform the experiment on the long-term reading of the images in the photorefractive memory with BaTiO/sub 3/ crystals and achieve the continuous reading time over 10 times longer than the time constant of the crystal without image degradation.
We report on the investigation of a new configuration of an all-optical associative memory. The images to be recalled associatively are stored in a LiNbO3 crystal via angular multiplexing. Thresholding of the reconstructed reference beams during associative readout is achieved by using a saturable absorber with an intensity-tunable threshold. We demonstrate associative readout and error correction for 10 strongly overlapping black-and-white images. Associative recall and full reconstruction is performed when only 1/500 of the image stored is entered.
In this report, we demonstrate a noise reduction recording in a photorefractive memory with a dynamic refreshing technique by mutually pumped phase conjugate mirrors (MPPCMs). The dynamic refreshing, that means the continuous rewriting of an original hologram with the optical feedback in synchronism with the readout, largely contributes to the maintenance of the recorded hologram by all-optical process. Two MPPCMs are used in the dynamic refreshing technique; one is built for the optical feedback, the other is used as the storage. The nondestructive readout without any fixing technique can be achieved by the continuous rewriting with the beam resonance between the phase conjugate mirrors. Our technique additionally offers the noise reduction of an input image in the recording process without any external image processing systems. The noise reduction is caused by the characteristics of the MPPCM that the incident intensity ratio required for the MPPCM generation is determined by the coupling strength of the crystal. Moreover, the application of the MPPCM to the photorefractive memory brings great advantages of the high quality image retrieving and the simple optical configuration because the illumination of two incoherent beams into a PR crystal can generate the mutual phase conjugate beams in the MPPCM. We show the noise reduction effect is controllable by the appropriate adjustment of the incident beam intensities. We also experiment on the photorefractive memory with this technique using barium titanate crystals and show the high-quality noise-reduced image can be read out over 10 times longer than the conventional readout technique.
The storage application of the light-climbing effect in a LiNbO(3):Fe crystal has been studied experimentally. A new type of photorefractive storage in LiNbO(3):Fe crystals, in which one could write the multipage simultaneously and at a later time read out the multistored pages, using only one readout beam simultaneously, has been demonstrated successfully. Furthermore the signal-to-noise ratio of the output images was high because the climbing lights suppressed the fanning noise scattering lights.