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IEEE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology (ICCST)

Secure quantum packet transmission mechanism for wireless networks

Tien-Sheng Lin, Sy‐Yen Kuo

Published Oct 1, 2008• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In the mobile wireless communication network, the network is a dynamic topology. In addition, mobile ad hoc network is a vulnerable network. The message transmitted from source to destination may traverse several intermediate nodes. The sender and receiver need set up a routing path from source to destination. It is a hard problem to build a secure routing path from source to destination because an attacker, malicious node or eavesdropper, may attack any part of a routing path from source to destination. Therefore, to prevent or to detect the randomized attacks from an attacker becomes the difficult problem. In order to deal with randomized attacks in the routing path, this paper designs a secure quantum mechanism which can provide that the transferred quantum packet is secure between the sender and receiver. This mechanism proposes a new concept, a flexible quantum frame which randomly permutes the data qubits and the control qubits. In addition, the proposed mechanism supports a special relation between the data qubits and the control qubits. The sender and receiver have the agreement to know this special relation. Based on this special relation, the data security of transferred quantum packet can be achieved.

DOI
10.1109/ccst.2008.4751272

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In the mobile wireless communication network, the network is a dynamic topology. In addition, mobile ad hoc network is a vulnerable network. The message transmitted from source to destination may traverse several intermediate nodes. The sender and receiver need set up a routing path from source to destination. It is a hard problem to build a secure routing path from source to destination because an attacker, malicious node or eavesdropper, may attack any part of a routing path from source to destination. Therefore, to prevent or to detect the randomized attacks from an attacker becomes the difficult problem. In order to deal with randomized attacks in the routing path, this paper designs a secure quantum mechanism which can provide that the transferred quantum packet is secure between the sender and receiver. This mechanism proposes a new concept, a flexible quantum frame which randomly permutes the data qubits and the control qubits. In addition, the proposed mechanism supports a special relation between the data qubits and the control qubits. The sender and receiver have the agreement to know this special relation. Based on this special relation, the data security of transferred quantum packet can be achieved.
Quantum communication networks need to securely transmit a quantum frame from source to destination. In the wireless communication network, source and destination have two types of connection: direct or indirect communication. In the direct connected mode, the transmission security can be achieved by using a quantum key distribution. In the indirect connected mode, it is a difficult problem to deal with the unsafe routing path from source to destination due to eavesdropping and man- in-the-middle attack. In this paper, we propose a quantum mechanism that designs a flexible quantum frame to achieve transmission integrity. This frame uses a quantum correlated key to let the receiver has the capability to judge whether the received quantum frame is secure or not. This mechanism provides a new solution to solve the transmission security in the unsafe routing path.
The infrastructure of wireless communication network is insecure topology where an attacker can easily access the transmitted information. In a mobile ad hoc network, it is difficult to detect malicious behaviors in the routing path because an attacker may execute man-in-the-middle attack at any part of a routing path from source to destination. In the classical field, the routing security is conditional security and eavesdropping is hard to detect. In the quantum field, quantum cryptography is unconditional security. This paper proposes a new concept, a collaborative working circuit, which can detect the intrusive behavior of malicious nodes in the routing path. By using this circuit, the receiver can obtain the original quantum state of quantum qubits, which are produced by the sender, to detect the behaviors of malicious nodes. Based on this circuit, the secure routing path can be achieved. Index Terms--Mobile ad hoc network, man-in-the-middle attacker, eavesdropping, unconditional security, collaborative working circuit.
In the wireless communication network, transmitting messages from sender to receiver may traverse several intermediate nodes. Any eavesdropper can attack in the communication channel, and any malicious intermediate node can act as receiver to intercept the message. The secure routing path must solve channel attacks and attacks in the malicious node. In the classical field, the solution of the channel attacks is conditional security and we can not provide secure communication in the routing path from sender to receiver. In the quantum field, the security of the authentication protocol is based on the laws of nature, including no-cloning theorem and quantum teleportation. According to the property of no-cloning theorem and quantum teleportation, we can use the shared quantum entangled particles between communicators for liar detection problem. In the quantum cryptography, the security of the authentication protocol is unconditional security. This paper designs the two-way secure communication protocol, which can set up the secure routing path from sender to receiver. The two-way secure communication protocol includes the sender oriented checking and the receiver oriented checking. By using quantum sharing table, these checking schemes investigate whether the routing path is secure or not. In the beginning, the sender and receiver pre-share a quantum sharing table to detect all the dishonest nodes. The quantum sharing table acts as a quantum key distribution which can not be stolen by any Eve.
In the wireless communication networks, quantum message integrity can be applied with quantum authentication and quantum signature if the source and destination are indirect communication. Eavesdroppers and malicious nodes may exist in the routing path from the source to the destination. There is major threat in the indirect communication. Based on quantum nature, we design quantum permutation model to verify quantum transmission sequence of a quantum transmission frame if an attacker wants to crack the content of a quantum transmission frame. Quantum permutation model can determine the real position of data qubits and verification qubits. However, Eves is not able to obtain the position of date qubits because quantum permutation switching cannot be owned by Eve. So quantum transmission sequence can be reserved. The receiver has the capability to verify it and obtains the content of data qubits.
A concept of wireless ad hoc quantum communication network is proposed and a routing protocol is designed for wireless quantum communicaiton network with complex structure. The routing protocol is on-demand and the routing metric is based on the number of entangled particle pairs. The node that wants to send information carried by quantum state can initiate a route request and establishment procedure. The destination node chooses path by the routing metric and sends route reply message along the selected path. During the information transmission, if the quantum channel or the wirless channel between any neighbors in the selected path is broken, a route discovery process is reinitiated to set up a new route. Nodes in the selected path use a both-end approximation algorithm to establish a quantum channel. After the quantum channel is established, the quantum state is transferred by quantum teleportation and the information transfer between any two nodes in wireless ad hoc quantum communication network is finished.
A Mobile Ad-Hoc Network(MANET) is a structure-less network where the mobile nodes randomly moved in any direction within the transmission range of the network. Due to this mobility, wide range of intrusion occurs in MANET. Therefore, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are significant in MANETs to identify the malicious behavior. In order to improve the secured data communication an efficient Quantum Phase Shift Energy Conserved Data Security (QPSEC-DS) technique is introduced. The Quantum Phase Shift (QPS) technique is used for ensuring the security during the data transmission from sender to receiver in MANET. Initially, the quantum based approach is used to encrypt the information using QPS at the sender through secret key distribution. The receiver side also performs the same QPS, and then the encrypted bit is received successfully. This in turns attains the secured packet transmission without any malicious node in the MANET. Based on the phase shifting, the energy conservation between the sender and receiver is measured for transmitting the data packet using QPSEC-DS technique. Also, the enhanced Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol is applied in QPSEC-DS technique is implemented to improve the energy management and secured data communication between the source and destination in an efficient manner. The QPSEC-DS technique conducts the simulations work on parameters including packet delivery ratio, energy consumption, communication overhead and end to end delay.