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IEEE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology (ICCST)

Quantum Wireless Secure Communication Protocol

Tien-Sheng Lin, Tien-Sheng Lin, Sy‐Yen Kuo

Published Oct 1, 2007• 12 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In the wireless communication network, transmitting messages from sender to receiver may traverse several intermediate nodes. Any eavesdropper can attack in the communication channel, and any malicious intermediate node can act as receiver to intercept the message. The secure routing path must solve channel attacks and attacks in the malicious node. In the classical field, the solution of the channel attacks is conditional security and we can not provide secure communication in the routing path from sender to receiver. In the quantum field, the security of the authentication protocol is based on the laws of nature, including no-cloning theorem and quantum teleportation. According to the property of no-cloning theorem and quantum teleportation, we can use the shared quantum entangled particles between communicators for liar detection problem. In the quantum cryptography, the security of the authentication protocol is unconditional security. This paper designs the two-way secure communication protocol, which can set up the secure routing path from sender to receiver. The two-way secure communication protocol includes the sender oriented checking and the receiver oriented checking. By using quantum sharing table, these checking schemes investigate whether the routing path is secure or not. In the beginning, the sender and receiver pre-share a quantum sharing table to detect all the dishonest nodes. The quantum sharing table acts as a quantum key distribution which can not be stolen by any Eve.

DOI
10.1109/ccst.2007.4373482

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In the wireless communication network, transmitting messages from sender to receiver may traverse several intermediate nodes. Any eavesdropper can attack in the communication channel, and any malicious intermediate node can act as receiver to intercept the message. The secure routing path must solve channel attacks and attacks in the malicious node. In the classical field, the solution of the channel attacks is conditional security and we can not provide secure communication in the routing path from sender to receiver. In the quantum field, the security of the authentication protocol is based on the laws of nature, including no-cloning theorem and quantum teleportation. According to the property of no-cloning theorem and quantum teleportation, we can use the shared quantum entangled particles between communicators for liar detection problem. In the quantum cryptography, the security of the authentication protocol is unconditional security. This paper designs the two-way secure communication protocol, which can set up the secure routing path from sender to receiver. The two-way secure communication protocol includes the sender oriented checking and the receiver oriented checking. By using quantum sharing table, these checking schemes investigate whether the routing path is secure or not. In the beginning, the sender and receiver pre-share a quantum sharing table to detect all the dishonest nodes. The quantum sharing table acts as a quantum key distribution which can not be stolen by any Eve.
In the communication network, transmitting messages from source to destination may traverse several intermediate nodes. For a long period of time, multiple authentications and secure communications between the sender and the receiver are needed for us to transmit messages. In the classical field, authentication provides only conditional security and classical channel can not provide secure communication for liar detection. In the quantum field, multiple quantum entanglement pairs can be used for liar detection. In this paper, we design quantum authentication protocol and secure communication protocol by only using quantum channel. These protocols previously share a quantum key distribution to detect the dishonest node. The quantum key distribution can promote authentication and secure communication for achieving higher liar detection probability.
In the mobile wireless communication network, the network is a dynamic topology. In addition, mobile ad hoc network is a vulnerable network. The message transmitted from source to destination may traverse several intermediate nodes. The sender and receiver need set up a routing path from source to destination. It is a hard problem to build a secure routing path from source to destination because an attacker, malicious node or eavesdropper, may attack any part of a routing path from source to destination. Therefore, to prevent or to detect the randomized attacks from an attacker becomes the difficult problem. In order to deal with randomized attacks in the routing path, this paper designs a secure quantum mechanism which can provide that the transferred quantum packet is secure between the sender and receiver. This mechanism proposes a new concept, a flexible quantum frame which randomly permutes the data qubits and the control qubits. In addition, the proposed mechanism supports a special relation between the data qubits and the control qubits. The sender and receiver have the agreement to know this special relation. Based on this special relation, the data security of transferred quantum packet can be achieved.
In the wireless sensor networks (WSNs), sensor nodes may be deployed in the hostile areas. The eavesdropper can intercept the messages in the public channel and the communication between the nodes is easily monitored. Furthermore, any malicious intermediate node can act as a legal receiver to alter the passing messages. Hence, message protection and sensor node identification become important issues in WSN. In this paper, we propose a novel scheme providing unconditional secure communication based on the quantum characteristics, including no-cloning and teleportation. We present a random EPR-pair allocation scheme that is designed to overcome the vulnerability caused by possible compromised nodes. EPR pairs are pre-assigned to sensor nodes randomly and the entangled qubits are used by the nodes with the quantum teleportation scheme to form a secure link. We also show a scheme on how to resist the man-in-the-middle attack. In the framework, the qubits are allocated to each node before deployment and the adversary is unable to create the duplicated nodes. Even if the malicious nodes are added to the network to falsify the messages transmitting in the public channel, the legal nodes can easily detect the fake nodes that have no entangled qubits and verify the counterfeit messages. In addition, we prove that one node sharing EPR pairs with a certain amount of neighbor nodes can teleport information to any node in the sensor network if there are sufficient EPR pairs in the qubits pool. The proposal shows that the distributed quantum wireless sensor network gains better security than classical wireless sensor network and centralized quantum wireless network.
The infrastructure of wireless communication network is insecure topology where an attacker can easily access the transmitted information. In a mobile ad hoc network, it is difficult to detect malicious behaviors in the routing path because an attacker may execute man-in-the-middle attack at any part of a routing path from source to destination. In the classical field, the routing security is conditional security and eavesdropping is hard to detect. In the quantum field, quantum cryptography is unconditional security. This paper proposes a new concept, a collaborative working circuit, which can detect the intrusive behavior of malicious nodes in the routing path. By using this circuit, the receiver can obtain the original quantum state of quantum qubits, which are produced by the sender, to detect the behaviors of malicious nodes. Based on this circuit, the secure routing path can be achieved. Index Terms--Mobile ad hoc network, man-in-the-middle attacker, eavesdropping, unconditional security, collaborative working circuit.