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Communications in Theoretical Physics

Quantum Secure Direct Communication Using W State

Li Dong, Xiu Xiao-Ming, Gao Ya-Jun, Chi Feng

Published Jun 1, 2008• 31 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A theoretical scheme of quantum secure direct communication using teleportation is proposed. In the scheme, the sender needs to prepare a class of three-particle W states to use as quantum channel. The two communicators may communicate after they test the security of the quantum channel. The security of the protocol is ensured by quantum entanglement and quantum no-cloning theorem. The receiver can obtain the secret message determinately if the quantum channel is secure.

DOI
10.1088/0253-6102/49/6/32

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A theoretical scheme of quantum secure direct communication using teleportation is proposed. In the scheme, the sender needs to prepare a class of three-particle W states to use as quantum channel. The two communicators may communicate after they test the security of the quantum channel. The security of the protocol is ensured by quantum entanglement and quantum no-cloning theorem. The receiver can obtain the secret message determinately if the quantum channel is secure.
We present a controlled quantum teleportation protocol. In the protocol, quantum information of an unknown state of a 2-level particle is faithfully transmitted from a sender Alice to a remote receiver Bob via an initially shared triplet of entangled particles under the control of the supervisor Charlie. The distributed entangled particles shared by Alice, Bob and Charlie function as a quantum information channel for faithful transmission. We also propose a controlled and secure direct communication scheme by means of this teleportation. After ensuring the security of the quantum channel, Alice encodes the secret message directly on a sequence of particle states and transmits them to Bob supervised by Charlie using this controlled quantum teleportation. Bob can read out the encoded message directly by the measurement on his qubit. In this scheme, the controlled quantum teleportation transmits Alice's message without revealing any information to a potential eavesdropper. Because there is not a transmission of the qubit carrying the secret message between Alice and Bob in the public channel, it is completely secure for controlled and direct secret communication if perfect quantum channel is used. The special feature of this scheme is that the communication between two sides depends on the agreement of a third side to co-operate.
In order to improve the communication efficiency and security of Quantum Secure Direct Communication, a new Quantum Secure Direct Communication scheme based on d-dimension Bell entangled state is proposed. In the scheme, the receiver and the sender transport the d-dimensional Bell particles as secure test particles to ensure the security of communication. The receiver can calculate the security of the channel according to the measurement of d-dimensional Bell state particles, which is based on the entanglement properties of the d-dimensional Bell state. Secret information is transmitted through the other d-dimensional Bell state particles by dense coding technique. Then, the receiver can determine the security of the channel by comparing the measurements of the particles and makes a joint measurement of the transmitted particles to obtain secret information. Finally, the entropy theory is used to analyze the security of the protocol. Under the four dimensional Bell state, the transmission efficiency of the protocol is 90.90% and the efficiency of the quantum bit is 45.45%. The results show that the proposed scheme is safe and reliable and has high transmission efficiency.
A theoretical scheme for alternative and secure direct communication is proposed. The communication is based on controlled quantum teleportation via state. After insuring the security of the quantum channels (a set of qubits in the states), Alice encodes the secret messages directly on a sequence of particle states and transmits them to Bob supported by Charlie, or to Charlie supported by Bob, using controlled quantum teleportation. Bob or Charlie can read out the encoded messages directly by the measurement on his qubits. In this scheme, the controlled quantum teleportation transmits Alice's message without revealing any information to a potential eavesdropper. Because there is no a transmission of the qubits carrying the secret messages between legitimate parties in the public channel, it is completely secure for direct secret communication if perfect quantum channel is used. We also discuss that when one of the three legitimate parties does not cooperate with others because of some reasons, the remaining two persons can still communicate with each other by entanglement purification. The main feature of this scheme is that the communicate between two sides is alternative but depends on the agreement of the third, and more over, the communication between two sides does not suspend with loss of one of three qubits ( i.e., one of the three legitimate parties does not cooperate with others).