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Acta Physica Sinica

Routing protocol for wireless ad hoc quantum communication network based on quantum teleportation

Xutao Yu, Xu Jin, Zhang Zai-Chen

Published Jan 1, 2012• 21 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A concept of wireless ad hoc quantum communication network is proposed and a routing protocol is designed for wireless quantum communicaiton network with complex structure. The routing protocol is on-demand and the routing metric is based on the number of entangled particle pairs. The node that wants to send information carried by quantum state can initiate a route request and establishment procedure. The destination node chooses path by the routing metric and sends route reply message along the selected path. During the information transmission, if the quantum channel or the wirless channel between any neighbors in the selected path is broken, a route discovery process is reinitiated to set up a new route. Nodes in the selected path use a both-end approximation algorithm to establish a quantum channel. After the quantum channel is established, the quantum state is transferred by quantum teleportation and the information transfer between any two nodes in wireless ad hoc quantum communication network is finished.

DOI
10.7498/aps.61.220303

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A concept of wireless ad hoc quantum communication network is proposed and a routing protocol is designed for wireless quantum communicaiton network with complex structure. The routing protocol is on-demand and the routing metric is based on the number of entangled particle pairs. The node that wants to send information carried by quantum state can initiate a route request and establishment procedure. The destination node chooses path by the routing metric and sends route reply message along the selected path. During the information transmission, if the quantum channel or the wirless channel between any neighbors in the selected path is broken, a route discovery process is reinitiated to set up a new route. Nodes in the selected path use a both-end approximation algorithm to establish a quantum channel. After the quantum channel is established, the quantum state is transferred by quantum teleportation and the information transfer between any two nodes in wireless ad hoc quantum communication network is finished.
The distributed wireless quantum communication network (DWQCN) has a distributed network topology and transmits information by quantum states. In this paper, we present the concept of the DWQCN and propose a system scheme to transfer quantum states in the DWQCN. The system scheme for transmitting information between any two nodes in the DWQCN includes a routing protocol and a scheme for transferring quantum states. The routing protocol is on-demand and the routing metric is selected based on the number of entangled particle pairs. After setting up a route, quantum teleportation and entanglement swapping are used for transferring quantum states. Entanglement swapping is achieved along with the process of routing set up and the acknowledgment packet transmission. The measurement results of each entanglement swapping are piggybacked with route reply packets or acknowledgment packets. After entanglement swapping, a direct quantum link between source and destination is set up and quantum states are transferred by quantum teleportation. Adopting this scheme, the measurement results of entanglement swapping do not need to be transmitted specially, which decreases the wireless transmission cost and transmission delay.
Abstract This paper addresses the optimization of on-demand routing protocols for quantum wireless Ad Hoc network. This paper proposes an optimal quantum route metric algorithm that integrates quantum route metric and classic route metric to select a better route path for quantum communication. The paper also improves the route discovery protocol by proposing a "reverse synchronization method" which means after the route request is completed, the quantum entanglement channel is established synchronously when the reverse path is established. This method, better than general methods which builds quantum channels after the forward path establishment, reduces the time and the numbers of messages for quantum channel establishment, thus improving the efficiency. Accordingly, this paper elaborates the specific methods, procedures and related upgrading message formats involved in quantum route discovery, quantum channel establishment and quantum information transmission of on-demand routing protocols for quantum wireless Ad Hoc network. The advantage of the "reverse synchronization method" in reducing the time and the numbers of messages for quantum channel establishment is verified through analysis on protocol performance.
In wireless quantum communication networks, existing AODV routing protocols can guarantee the stability of quantum entangled channels.However, the protocol takes a long time to establish the quantum channel on average, and it also consumes many entanglement resources.In order to solve the above problems, a routing protocol for wireless quantum networks based on resource reservation is proposed in this paper.Before the source node sends the quantum state information to the destination node, the proposed protocol estimates the quantum state information to be transmitted and writes the resource estimation value into the routing request message.A broadcast routing request message can not only satisfy the requirement of quantum data transmission, but also ensure that the number of hops is as small as possible.Simulation results show that the proposed protocol can effectively shorten the time of establishing quantum channels, reduce the consumption of entanglement resources, and improve the communication efficiency of wireless quantum communication networks.It has good practical value.
Quantum multi-hop teleportation is important in the field of quantum communication. In this study, we propose a quantum multi-hop communication model and a quantum routing protocol with multihop teleportation for wireless mesh backbone networks. Based on an analysis of quantum multi-hop protocols, a partially entangled Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) state is selected as the quantum channel for the proposed protocol. Both quantum and classical wireless channels exist between two neighboring nodes along the route. With the proposed routing protocol, quantum information can be transmitted hop by hop from the source node to the destination node. Based on multi-hop teleportation based on the partially entangled GHZ state, a quantum route established with the minimum number of hops. The difference between our routing protocol and the classical one is that in the former, the processes used to find a quantum route and establish quantum channel entanglement occur simultaneously. The Bell state measurement results of each hop are piggybacked to quantum route finding information. This method reduces the total number of packets and the magnitude of air interface delay. The deduction of the establishment of a quantum channel between source and destination is also presented here. The final success probability of quantum multi-hop teleportation in wireless mesh backbone networks was simulated and analyzed. Our research shows that quantum multi-hop teleportation in wireless mesh backbone networks through a partially entangled GHZ state is feasible.
Wireless quantum communication networks transfer quantum state by teleportation. Existing research focuses on maximal entangled pairs. In this paper, we analyse the distributed wireless quantum communication networks with partially entangled pairs. A quantum routing scheme with multi-hop teleportation is proposed. With the proposed scheme, is not necessary for the quantum path to be consistent with the classical path. The quantum path and its associated classical path are established in a distributed way. Direct multi-hop teleportation is conducted on the selected path to transfer a quantum state from the source to the destination. Based on the feature of multi-hop teleportation using partially entangled pairs, if the node number of the quantum path is even, the destination node will add another teleportation at itself. We simulated the performance of distributed wireless quantum communication networks with a partially entangled state. The probability of transferring the quantum state successfully is statistically analyzed. Our work shows that multi-hop teleportation on distributed wireless quantum networks with partially entangled pairs is feasible.
Wireless quantum communication networks transfer quantum state by teleportation. Existing research focuses on maximal entangled pairs. In this paper, we analyse the distributed wireless quantum communication networks with partially entangled pairs. A quantum routing scheme with multi-hop teleportation is proposed. With the proposed scheme, is not necessary for the quantum path to be consistent with the classical path. The quantum path and its associated classical path are established in a distributed way. Direct multi-hop teleportation is conducted on the selected path to transfer a quantum state from the source to the destination. Based on the feature of multi-hop teleportation using partially entangled pairs, if the node number of the quantum path is even, the destination node will add another teleportation at itself. We simulated the performance of distributed wireless quantum communication networks with a partially entangled state. The probability of transferring the quantum state successfully is statistically analyzed. Our work shows that multi-hop teleportation on distributed wireless quantum networks with partially entangled pairs is feasible,