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International Journal of Performability Engineering

Routing Protocol Research for Wireless Quantum Networks based on Resource Reservation

Xinliang Wang

Published Jan 1, 2019• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In wireless quantum communication networks, existing AODV routing protocols can guarantee the stability of quantum entangled channels.However, the protocol takes a long time to establish the quantum channel on average, and it also consumes many entanglement resources.In order to solve the above problems, a routing protocol for wireless quantum networks based on resource reservation is proposed in this paper.Before the source node sends the quantum state information to the destination node, the proposed protocol estimates the quantum state information to be transmitted and writes the resource estimation value into the routing request message.A broadcast routing request message can not only satisfy the requirement of quantum data transmission, but also ensure that the number of hops is as small as possible.Simulation results show that the proposed protocol can effectively shorten the time of establishing quantum channels, reduce the consumption of entanglement resources, and improve the communication efficiency of wireless quantum communication networks.It has good practical value.

DOI
10.23940/ijpe.19.04.p6.11121121

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In wireless quantum communication networks, existing AODV routing protocols can guarantee the stability of quantum entangled channels.However, the protocol takes a long time to establish the quantum channel on average, and it also consumes many entanglement resources.In order to solve the above problems, a routing protocol for wireless quantum networks based on resource reservation is proposed in this paper.Before the source node sends the quantum state information to the destination node, the proposed protocol estimates the quantum state information to be transmitted and writes the resource estimation value into the routing request message.A broadcast routing request message can not only satisfy the requirement of quantum data transmission, but also ensure that the number of hops is as small as possible.Simulation results show that the proposed protocol can effectively shorten the time of establishing quantum channels, reduce the consumption of entanglement resources, and improve the communication efficiency of wireless quantum communication networks.It has good practical value.
A concept of wireless ad hoc quantum communication network is proposed and a routing protocol is designed for wireless quantum communicaiton network with complex structure. The routing protocol is on-demand and the routing metric is based on the number of entangled particle pairs. The node that wants to send information carried by quantum state can initiate a route request and establishment procedure. The destination node chooses path by the routing metric and sends route reply message along the selected path. During the information transmission, if the quantum channel or the wirless channel between any neighbors in the selected path is broken, a route discovery process is reinitiated to set up a new route. Nodes in the selected path use a both-end approximation algorithm to establish a quantum channel. After the quantum channel is established, the quantum state is transferred by quantum teleportation and the information transfer between any two nodes in wireless ad hoc quantum communication network is finished.
Due to the unconditional security of quantum communication and flexible and economical implementation of wireless communication, quantum wireless networks (QWNs) have attracted wide attention. Different from fiber-based or satellite-based quantum communication, quantum wireless networks have the characteristics of high dynamics, limited node energy, and quantum resource competition. We have found that the existing quantum wireless network routing protocols suffer from path collision, high energy consumption, and low utilization of quantum resources. In this paper, a more practical and efficient entanglement routing protocol, which can find contention-free paths for concurrent source destination pairs, is proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol can not only greatly improve the throughput and success rate of the network, but also significantly prolong the network lifetime. The research developed by this work may stimulate more investigations of entanglement routing problems in QWNs.
Abstract This paper addresses the optimization of on-demand routing protocols for quantum wireless Ad Hoc network. This paper proposes an optimal quantum route metric algorithm that integrates quantum route metric and classic route metric to select a better route path for quantum communication. The paper also improves the route discovery protocol by proposing a "reverse synchronization method" which means after the route request is completed, the quantum entanglement channel is established synchronously when the reverse path is established. This method, better than general methods which builds quantum channels after the forward path establishment, reduces the time and the numbers of messages for quantum channel establishment, thus improving the efficiency. Accordingly, this paper elaborates the specific methods, procedures and related upgrading message formats involved in quantum route discovery, quantum channel establishment and quantum information transmission of on-demand routing protocols for quantum wireless Ad Hoc network. The advantage of the "reverse synchronization method" in reducing the time and the numbers of messages for quantum channel establishment is verified through analysis on protocol performance.
The distributed wireless quantum communication network (DWQCN) has a distributed network topology and transmits information by quantum states. In this paper, we present the concept of the DWQCN and propose a system scheme to transfer quantum states in the DWQCN. The system scheme for transmitting information between any two nodes in the DWQCN includes a routing protocol and a scheme for transferring quantum states. The routing protocol is on-demand and the routing metric is selected based on the number of entangled particle pairs. After setting up a route, quantum teleportation and entanglement swapping are used for transferring quantum states. Entanglement swapping is achieved along with the process of routing set up and the acknowledgment packet transmission. The measurement results of each entanglement swapping are piggybacked with route reply packets or acknowledgment packets. After entanglement swapping, a direct quantum link between source and destination is set up and quantum states are transferred by quantum teleportation. Adopting this scheme, the measurement results of entanglement swapping do not need to be transmitted specially, which decreases the wireless transmission cost and transmission delay.
Quantum multi-hop teleportation is important in the field of quantum communication. In this study, we propose a quantum multi-hop communication model and a quantum routing protocol with multihop teleportation for wireless mesh backbone networks. Based on an analysis of quantum multi-hop protocols, a partially entangled Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) state is selected as the quantum channel for the proposed protocol. Both quantum and classical wireless channels exist between two neighboring nodes along the route. With the proposed routing protocol, quantum information can be transmitted hop by hop from the source node to the destination node. Based on multi-hop teleportation based on the partially entangled GHZ state, a quantum route established with the minimum number of hops. The difference between our routing protocol and the classical one is that in the former, the processes used to find a quantum route and establish quantum channel entanglement occur simultaneously. The Bell state measurement results of each hop are piggybacked to quantum route finding information. This method reduces the total number of packets and the magnitude of air interface delay. The deduction of the establishment of a quantum channel between source and destination is also presented here. The final success probability of quantum multi-hop teleportation in wireless mesh backbone networks was simulated and analyzed. Our research shows that quantum multi-hop teleportation in wireless mesh backbone networks through a partially entangled GHZ state is feasible.
In small quantum netw ork,the security of communication information can be guaranteed physically by the application of quantum teleportation,the noise of quantum channel w ill be bound to interfere w ith the communication information,leading to the error of code. In order to guarantee the reliability of information communication,a routing protocol of small quantum netw ork is proposed based on quantum error correcting code. According to the routing characteristics of small quantum netw ork,corresponding routing tables are made. On the basis of these routing tables,quantum teleportation can be realized from source quantum node to the nodes w ithin one-hop or tw o-hop. Correct the errors of code resulting from noise of quantum channel based on error correcting code theory,and handle it accordingly,to ensure the reliability of communication information at data link layer. The security of the protocol is proved in theory.