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International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (ICCCN)

Quantum Transmission Integrity Mechanism for Indirect Communication

Tien-Sheng Lin, I-Ming Tsai, Sy‐Yen Kuo

Published Aug 1, 2009• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum communication networks need to securely transmit a quantum frame from source to destination. In the wireless communication network, source and destination have two types of connection: direct or indirect communication. In the direct connected mode, the transmission security can be achieved by using a quantum key distribution. In the indirect connected mode, it is a difficult problem to deal with the unsafe routing path from source to destination due to eavesdropping and man- in-the-middle attack. In this paper, we propose a quantum mechanism that designs a flexible quantum frame to achieve transmission integrity. This frame uses a quantum correlated key to let the receiver has the capability to judge whether the received quantum frame is secure or not. This mechanism provides a new solution to solve the transmission security in the unsafe routing path.

DOI
10.1109/icccn.2009.5235303

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Quantum communication networks need to securely transmit a quantum frame from source to destination. In the wireless communication network, source and destination have two types of connection: direct or indirect communication. In the direct connected mode, the transmission security can be achieved by using a quantum key distribution. In the indirect connected mode, it is a difficult problem to deal with the unsafe routing path from source to destination due to eavesdropping and man- in-the-middle attack. In this paper, we propose a quantum mechanism that designs a flexible quantum frame to achieve transmission integrity. This frame uses a quantum correlated key to let the receiver has the capability to judge whether the received quantum frame is secure or not. This mechanism provides a new solution to solve the transmission security in the unsafe routing path.
In the mobile wireless communication network, the network is a dynamic topology. In addition, mobile ad hoc network is a vulnerable network. The message transmitted from source to destination may traverse several intermediate nodes. The sender and receiver need set up a routing path from source to destination. It is a hard problem to build a secure routing path from source to destination because an attacker, malicious node or eavesdropper, may attack any part of a routing path from source to destination. Therefore, to prevent or to detect the randomized attacks from an attacker becomes the difficult problem. In order to deal with randomized attacks in the routing path, this paper designs a secure quantum mechanism which can provide that the transferred quantum packet is secure between the sender and receiver. This mechanism proposes a new concept, a flexible quantum frame which randomly permutes the data qubits and the control qubits. In addition, the proposed mechanism supports a special relation between the data qubits and the control qubits. The sender and receiver have the agreement to know this special relation. Based on this special relation, the data security of transferred quantum packet can be achieved.
In the wireless communication networks, quantum message integrity can be applied with quantum authentication and quantum signature if the source and destination are indirect communication. Eavesdroppers and malicious nodes may exist in the routing path from the source to the destination. There is major threat in the indirect communication. Based on quantum nature, we design quantum permutation model to verify quantum transmission sequence of a quantum transmission frame if an attacker wants to crack the content of a quantum transmission frame. Quantum permutation model can determine the real position of data qubits and verification qubits. However, Eves is not able to obtain the position of date qubits because quantum permutation switching cannot be owned by Eve. So quantum transmission sequence can be reserved. The receiver has the capability to verify it and obtains the content of data qubits.
In the wireless communication network, transmitting messages from sender to receiver may traverse several intermediate nodes. Any eavesdropper can attack in the communication channel, and any malicious intermediate node can act as receiver to intercept the message. The secure routing path must solve channel attacks and attacks in the malicious node. In the classical field, the solution of the channel attacks is conditional security and we can not provide secure communication in the routing path from sender to receiver. In the quantum field, the security of the authentication protocol is based on the laws of nature, including no-cloning theorem and quantum teleportation. According to the property of no-cloning theorem and quantum teleportation, we can use the shared quantum entangled particles between communicators for liar detection problem. In the quantum cryptography, the security of the authentication protocol is unconditional security. This paper designs the two-way secure communication protocol, which can set up the secure routing path from sender to receiver. The two-way secure communication protocol includes the sender oriented checking and the receiver oriented checking. By using quantum sharing table, these checking schemes investigate whether the routing path is secure or not. In the beginning, the sender and receiver pre-share a quantum sharing table to detect all the dishonest nodes. The quantum sharing table acts as a quantum key distribution which can not be stolen by any Eve.
Quantum networks are communication networks in which adjacent nodes enjoy perfectly secure channels thanks to quantum key distribution (QKD). Drawing end- to-end security from QKD-supported point-to-point security can be done by virtue of multipath transmission. This concept buys security at the cost of strongly connected networks and perfect routing. Particularly the latter is hard to ensure, since congestions or (passive) may cause QKD key- buffers to run empty, thus enforcing local re-routing of packets. Hence, the adversary may use not to extract information, but to redirect the information flow towards a relay-node that he controls. Such attacks can readily invalidate the stringent requirements of multipath transmission protocols and thus defeat any formal arguments for perfect secrecy. Moreover, this form of indirect eavesdropping seems to be unconsidered in the literature so far. We investigate whether or not unconditional security in a quantum network with non- reliable routing is possible. Using Markov-chains, we derive various sufficient criteria for retaining perfect secrecy under imperfect packet relay. In particular, we explicitly do not assume trusted relay or quantum repeaters available. Keywords-Quantum Cryptography, Markov-Chain, Secure
In the distributed network, quantum teleportation can teleport a quantum state from one quantum device to a remote site by using quantum entangled particles. Quantum entangled particles have the correlation among sharing party of distributed node to form a special relation for transmitting quantum message and classical message. In the paper, we derive a novel quantum key with indirect communication among sharing party. In the deriving process, random measurement outcome can resist eavesdropping from the outsider. An attacker is unable to break a secret quantum key in the deriving process. In addition, several types of attack in the transmission security can be considered in the distributed networks.
In the communication network, transmitting messages from source to destination may traverse several intermediate nodes. For a long period of time, multiple authentications and secure communications between the sender and the receiver are needed for us to transmit messages. In the classical field, authentication provides only conditional security and classical channel can not provide secure communication for liar detection. In the quantum field, multiple quantum entanglement pairs can be used for liar detection. In this paper, we design quantum authentication protocol and secure communication protocol by only using quantum channel. These protocols previously share a quantum key distribution to detect the dishonest node. The quantum key distribution can promote authentication and secure communication for achieving higher liar detection probability.