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IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO)

A novel quantum key in distributed networks

Yanlin Chen, Tien-Sheng Lin, Ting-Hsu Chang, Chin-Yung Lu, Sy‐Yen Kuo

Published Aug 1, 2014• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In the distributed network, quantum teleportation can teleport a quantum state from one quantum device to a remote site by using quantum entangled particles. Quantum entangled particles have the correlation among sharing party of distributed node to form a special relation for transmitting quantum message and classical message. In the paper, we derive a novel quantum key with indirect communication among sharing party. In the deriving process, random measurement outcome can resist eavesdropping from the outsider. An attacker is unable to break a secret quantum key in the deriving process. In addition, several types of attack in the transmission security can be considered in the distributed networks.

DOI
10.1109/nano.2014.6968056

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In the distributed network, quantum teleportation can teleport a quantum state from one quantum device to a remote site by using quantum entangled particles. Quantum entangled particles have the correlation among sharing party of distributed node to form a special relation for transmitting quantum message and classical message. In the paper, we derive a novel quantum key with indirect communication among sharing party. In the deriving process, random measurement outcome can resist eavesdropping from the outsider. An attacker is unable to break a secret quantum key in the deriving process. In addition, several types of attack in the transmission security can be considered in the distributed networks.
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We present a controlled quantum teleportation protocol. In the protocol, quantum information of an unknown state of a 2-level particle is faithfully transmitted from a sender Alice to a remote receiver Bob via an initially shared triplet of entangled particles under the control of the supervisor Charlie. The distributed entangled particles shared by Alice, Bob and Charlie function as a quantum information channel for faithful transmission. We also propose a controlled and secure direct communication scheme by means of this teleportation. After ensuring the security of the quantum channel, Alice encodes the secret message directly on a sequence of particle states and transmits them to Bob supervised by Charlie using this controlled quantum teleportation. Bob can read out the encoded message directly by the measurement on his qubit. In this scheme, the controlled quantum teleportation transmits Alice's message without revealing any information to a potential eavesdropper. Because there is not a transmission of the qubit carrying the secret message between Alice and Bob in the public channel, it is completely secure for controlled and direct secret communication if perfect quantum channel is used. The special feature of this scheme is that the communication between two sides depends on the agreement of a third side to co-operate.
This paper proposes a novel distributed key agreement protocol leveraging the unique properties of quantum entanglement. The core concept involves two parties sharing a pre-established entangled state, performing correlated measurements, and directly using the measurement outcomes to generate a shared secret key. This eliminates the need for classical communication channels, significantly enhancing security by mitigating the risk of eavesdropping during key transmission and reducing latency associated with classical message exchange. The protocol addresses key challenges in entanglement-based systems, namely maintaining entanglement fidelity and ensuring synchronized measurement processing. We outline the theoretical framework, detailing the mathematical formulation of the key generation process and highlighting the critical aspects of entanglement distribution and measurement protocols. This approach represents a fundamental shift in distributed key agreement, moving towards inherently secure and efficient quantum communication systems.
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We present a scheme for quantum secure direct communication with quantum encryption following some ideas in the Zhang-Li-Guo quantum key distribution scheme [Phys. Rev. A \\textbf{64}, 024302 (2001)]. Instead of the bilateral rotation operations before each round of the transmission, the two parties of communication perform a single-particle measurement on some samples chosen randomly from the quantum key, the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pairs shared, with the two measuring bases sigmaz\\sigma_zsigmaz​ and sigmax\\sigma_xsigmax​. The quantum key can be used repeatedly for transmitting a secret message securely. Each of the travelling particles can carry one bit of message which can be read out directly by the receiver.
Quantum cryptography is a well-stated field within quantum applications where quantum information is used to set secure communications, authentication, and secret keys. Now used in quantum devices with those purposes, particularly Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), which proposes a secret key between two parties free of effective eavesdropping, at least at a higher level than classical cryptography. The best-known quantum protocol to securely share a secret key is the BB84 one. Other protocols have been proposed as adaptations of it. Most of them are based on the quantum indeterminacy for non-orthogonal quantum states. Their security is commonly based on the large length of the key. In the current work, a BB84-like procedure for QKD based on double quantum teleportation allows the sharing of the key statement using several parties. Thus, the quantum bits of information are assembled among three parties via entanglement, instead of travelling through a unique quantum channel as in the traditional protocol. Asymmetry in the double teleportation plus post-measurement retains the secrecy in the process. Despite requiring more complex control and resources, the procedure dramatically reduces the probability of success for an eavesdropper under individual attacks, because of the ignorance of the processing times in the procedure. Quantum Bit Error Rate remains in the acceptable threshold and it becomes configurable. The article depicts the double quantum teleportation procedure, the associated control to introduce the QKD scheme, the analysis of individual attacks performed by an eavesdropper, and a brief comparison with other protocols.