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IEEE International Workshop on Workload Characterization (WWC)

Scale splitting control for an atom wave packet coherent scattering in modulated standing wave

Sergey Borisenok, Yu. Rozhdestvensky, G.G. Udov

Published Apr 23, 2004• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Recently, coherent splitting has been achieved by scattering of an atom wave packet in standing wave with modulated intensity. We demonstrate now as the result of such scattering depends on the initial modulation phase, e.g., the scattering pictures are different for 'cos' and 'sin' modulation functions and the increasing of coherent components with defined atom momentum occurs for 'cos' modulation function only. As a result, we have reached the conclusion that the shape of the pulse modulation does not influence to the scattering pictures, and for any modulation function we can always choose such values of amplitude modulation when only two components will be dominated in the scattering.

DOI
10.1109/phycon.2003.1237024

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A)A new beam-splitter on the basement of coherent scattering of two-and three-level atom in the field of standing amplitude-modulated waves is investigated. A detailed study of three cases of amplitude modulation of practical importance is presented: harmonic modulation, triangle pulse modulation and «meander» modulation. It is demonstrated that for all the three regimes it is possible to choose such an amplitude and modulation frequency that the coherent component amplitude with defined values of the atom pulses is essentially increased. The influence of the initial phase on the character of wave packet scattering has been also investigated.
The influence of the initial-state preparation on the diffraction of atoms in the field of a standing wave is discussed. The solution of the coherent scattering problem for rather general initial conditions involving initial atomic wave-packet splitting in the momentum space is obtained. A different effect of narrowing of the interference fringes of the diffraction pattern caused by secondary interference during the standing-wave scattering is discovered. The effect takes place at a specific type of initial wave-packet splitting involving two translation states whose momenta differ by even photon momenta, corresponding to the same, ground or excited, internal state. It is shown that a higher-order narrowing can be achieved using binomial wave packets. Further, another case that causes an asymmetrically narrowed diffraction is presented. An atomic-beam-splitting technique based on the preparation of atoms by STIRAP is proposed.
A model of the asymmetric coherent scattering process (caused by initial atomic wave-packet splitting in the momentum space) taking place at the large detuning and adiabatic course of interaction for an effective two-state system interacting with a standing wave of laser radiation is discussed. We show that the same form of initial wave-packet splitting may lead to different, in general, diffraction patterns for opposite, adiabatic and resonant, regimes of the standing-wave scattering. We show that the scattering of the Gaussian wave packet in the adiabatic case presents refraction (a limiting form of the asymmetric scattering) in contrast to the bi-refringence (the limiting case of the high-order narrowed scattering) occurring in the resonant scattering.
The wave function of a moderately cold atom in a stationary near-resonant standing light wave delocalizes very fast due to wave packet splitting. However, we show that frequency modulation of the field can suppress packet splitting for some atoms whose specific velocities are in a narrow range. These atoms remain localized in a small space for a long time. We demonstrate and explain this effect numerically and analytically. We also demonstrate that the modulated field can not only trap but also cool the atoms. We perform a numerical experiment with a large atomic ensemble having wide initial velocity and energy distributions. During the experiment, most of atoms leave the wave while the trapped atoms have a narrow energy distribution.
The role of the initial-state preparation in the coherent diffraction of atoms in the field of a standing wave is considered. It is shown that the time evolution of the atomic wave packet with a Gaussian initial momentum distribution of amplitudes, due to the constructive quantum-mechanical interference, occurs practically without transformation of the initial Gaussian form. Depending on the phases of the initial momentum distribution components, the increment of the atomic momentum can vary from a maximum possible value (determined by the limiting speed of stimulated photon re-emission) to zero. Consequently, the standing wave presents an effective mirror for Gaussian atoms, the reflection angle being controllable.