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IEEE International Workshop on Workload Characterization (WWC)

Coherent atomic beam splitter control for nano-scale atom wave packet lithography

Sergey Borisenok, Yu. Rozhdestvensky

Published Apr 23, 2004• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Atomic beam splitter needs for the practical realization of nano-scale lithography by coherent scattering of the atoms. We consider the different types of atomic beam splitters, which could be used for the creation of the space structures with nano-scale period. We concentrate to a few main schemes of an interaction between an atom beam and optical radiation, which can produce a large angle splitting of atom beam into only two main momentum components: multi Bragg scattering an atom wave packet in standing wave; coherent splitting by scattering of an atom wave packet in standing wave with modulated intensity, when the intensity of the standing wave changes harmonically. We discuss also the experimental possibility of an atom selection in internal states for obtaining of space periodical structure with high clearance.

DOI
10.1109/phycon.2003.1237022

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Atomic beam splitter needs for the practical realization of nano-scale lithography by coherent scattering of the atoms. We consider the different types of atomic beam splitters, which could be used for the creation of the space structures with nano-scale period. We concentrate to a few main schemes of an interaction between an atom beam and optical radiation, which can produce a large angle splitting of atom beam into only two main momentum components: multi Bragg scattering an atom wave packet in standing wave; coherent splitting by scattering of an atom wave packet in standing wave with modulated intensity, when the intensity of the standing wave changes harmonically. We discuss also the experimental possibility of an atom selection in internal states for obtaining of space periodical structure with high clearance.
Control in multi-zone atomic beam splitters needs for the practical realization of nanoscale lithography by coherent scattering of the atoms. We propose an effective atomic beam splitter based on the interaction of three-level atom with the field of the standing optical waves having relative spatial shifts. It is shown, that using of several interaction zones of the standing waves having the different spatial shift it make possible to reach the splitting 2n/spl planck/k (where n is the number of zone) in each of lower three-level /spl Lambda/-atom state.
Recently, coherent splitting has been achieved by scattering of an atom wave packet in standing wave with modulated intensity. We demonstrate now as the result of such scattering depends on the initial modulation phase, e.g., the scattering pictures are different for 'cos' and 'sin' modulation functions and the increasing of coherent components with defined atom momentum occurs for 'cos' modulation function only. As a result, we have reached the conclusion that the shape of the pulse modulation does not influence to the scattering pictures, and for any modulation function we can always choose such values of amplitude modulation when only two components will be dominated in the scattering.
Diffraction of atomic wave packets from a standing laser wave with a Gaussian profile is studied theoretically and numerically in pursuing the aim of creating high-resolution spatial structures in optical nanolithography. To this end, we propose to use nonadiabatic transitions between two optical potentials which take place when square of the value of detuning off the resonance is approximately equal to the Doppler shift. In this case, atomic wave packets experience splitting at nodes of the standing wave, which allows creating atomic structures on a substrate with a period substantially smaller than the standard nanofabrication limit equal to half the wavelength of light. We propose a scheme of the experiment for the observation of nonadiabatic transitions and splitting of the wave of matter caused by them. A number of computer simulations with parameters corresponding to real atoms have been performed, which exhibit this effect in both momentum and coordinate spaces.
In this paper we review techniques to coherently split an atomic beam using the dipole force. We discuss the interaction of atoms with normal standing wave light field in the context of atomic beam splitters. The case where the atom enters the standing wave at a small angle such that Bragg diffraction and velocity selective resonances are observed is also considered. An alternative approach to realize a coherent beam splitter based on the optical Stern‐Gerlach effect is discussed. Finally we consider the interaction of atoms with a magneto‐optical potential formed by a polarization gradient light field and a static magnetic field. We show that the Stern‐Gerlach effect and the magneto‐optical potential produce a more effective beam splitting into states with high transverse momentum than diffraction from a normal standing wave.
A new method of realizing coherent split of atomic wave packet has been presented in this paper. Due to using Doppler effect and stimulated Raman transition, it Can be applied directly in thermal atomic beam and only needs a single-frequency standing wave laser field. Theoretical analyses show that of both atoms and light field meet some conditions, atomic wave packet will be split coherently after interaction. Finally,the experiment of the atomic beam splitter by using this method is described. The results are in good agreement with the theoretical predication.