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Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics

Coherent cooling of atoms in a frequency-modulated standing laser wave: Wave function and stochastic trajectory approaches

Victor Yu. Argonov

Published Nov 1, 2014• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The wave function of a moderately cold atom in a stationary near-resonant standing light wave delocalizes very fast due to wave packet splitting. However, we show that frequency modulation of the field can suppress packet splitting for some atoms whose specific velocities are in a narrow range. These atoms remain localized in a small space for a long time. We demonstrate and explain this effect numerically and analytically. We also demonstrate that the modulated field can not only trap but also cool the atoms. We perform a numerical experiment with a large atomic ensemble having wide initial velocity and energy distributions. During the experiment, most of atoms leave the wave while the trapped atoms have a narrow energy distribution.

DOI
10.1134/s1063776114110144

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The wave function of a moderately cold atom in a stationary near-resonant standing light wave delocalizes very fast due to wave packet splitting. However, we show that frequency modulation of the field can suppress packet splitting for some atoms whose specific velocities are in a narrow range. These atoms remain localized in a small space for a long time. We demonstrate and explain this effect numerically and analytically. We also demonstrate that the modulated field can not only trap but also cool the atoms. We perform a numerical experiment with a large atomic ensemble having wide initial velocity and energy distributions. During the experiment, most of atoms leave the wave while the trapped atoms have a narrow energy distribution.
The wave function of a moderately cold atom in a stationary near-resonant standing light wave delocalizes very fast due to wave packet splitting. However, we show that frequency modulation of the field may suppress packet splitting for some atoms having specific velocities in a narrow range. These atoms remain localized in a small space for a long time. We demonstrate and explain this effect numerically and analytically. Also we demonstrate that modulated field can not only trap, but also cool the atoms. We perform a numerical experiment with a large atomic ensebmble having wide initial velocity and energy distribution. During the experiment, most of atoms leave the wave while trapped atoms have narrow energy distribution
The wave function of a moderately cold atom in a stationary near-resonant standing light wave delocalizes very fast due to wave packet splitting. However, we show that frequency modulation of the field may suppress packet splitting for some atoms having specific velocities in a narrow range. These atoms remain localized in a small space for a long time. We propose that in a real experiment with cold atomic gas this effect may decrease the velocity distribution of atoms (the field traps the atoms with such specific velocities while all other atoms leave the field)
The wavefunction of a moderately cold atom in a stationary near-resonant standing light wave delocalizes very fast due to wave packet splitting. However, we show that frequency modulation of the field may suppress packet splitting for some atoms having specific velocities in a narrow range. These atoms remain localized in a small space for a long time. We propose that in a real experiment with cold atomic gas this effect may decrease the velocity distribution of atoms (the field traps the atoms with such specific velocities while all other atoms leave the field).
Splitting of the atomic wave packet in velocity space due to the action of ultrashort laser pulses in the coherent regime of interaction was obtained in @2,9,10#. The transient regime of cooling by a sequence of short laser pulses of the narrowband traveling-wave field under the condition that the atoms decay completely between pulses was investigated in @11# .I t was shown in @12# that more deceleration of neutral atoms may be achieved with the train of ultrashort p pulses separated by a few radiative lifetimes than would be achived with the same average intensity used for cw generation. Laser cooling on transitions with a linewidth narrower than the recoil shift was studied by the Monte Carlo method using broadband excitation in @13#. The force of the stimulated light pressure on an atom arising from the action of two near-resonant standing waves with different frequencies modeling two counterpropagating waves with modulated in time amplitudes was studied in @14#.
Summary form only given. We investigate the nonlinear motion of two-level atoms in an amplitude modulated standing laser field in the limit of large detuning. In this case the center-of-mass-motion is described by the Hamiltonian H(p,q,t)=p/sup 2//2/spl middot//spl kappa/(1/spl middot/2/spl epsiv/sint)cosq, where p and q denote scaled dimensionless momentum and position, t time, and /spl kappa/ and /spl epsiv/ are the parameters defining the depth of the standing wave and the strength of the amplitude modulation, respectively. This system is prominent for proposing the appearance of coherent tunneling between nonlinear resonances of the corresponding classical stroboscopic phase-space map. That means a wave packet initially confined near one such resonance will stay localized and, depending on the modulation parameters will coherently tunnel between delocalized resonances.
We investigate the center-of-mass motion of cold atoms in a standing amplitude modulated laser field. We use a simple model to explain the momentum distribution of the atoms after any distinct number of modulation cycles. The atoms starting near a classical phase-space resonance move slower than we would expect classically. We explain this by showing that for a wave packet on the classical resonances we can replace the complicated dynamics in the quantum Liouville equation in phase space by its classical dynamics with a modified potential.