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arXiv:1504.06675 · Laser Physics

Adiabatic asymmetric scattering of atoms in the field of a standing wave

M V Hakobyan, V M Red’kov, Artur Mikhailovich Ishkhanyan

Published Apr 24, 2015• 0 citations
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Abstract

A model of the asymmetric coherent scattering process (caused by initial atomic wave-packet splitting in the momentum space) taking place at the large detuning and adiabatic course of interaction for an effective two-state system interacting with a standing wave of laser radiation is discussed. We show that the same form of initial wave-packet splitting may lead to different, in general, diffraction patterns for opposite, adiabatic and resonant, regimes of the standing-wave scattering. We show that the scattering of the Gaussian wave packet in the adiabatic case presents refraction (a limiting form of the asymmetric scattering) in contrast to the bi-refringence (the limiting case of the high-order narrowed scattering) occurring in the resonant scattering.

DOI
10.1088/1054-660x/25/6/066001

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A model of the asymmetric coherent scattering process (caused by initial atomic wave-packet splitting in the momentum space) taking place at the large detuning and adiabatic course of interaction for an effective two-state system interacting with a standing wave of laser radiation is discussed. We show that the same form of initial wave-packet splitting may lead to different, in general, diffraction patterns for opposite, adiabatic and resonant, regimes of the standing-wave scattering. We show that the scattering of the Gaussian wave packet in the adiabatic case presents refraction (a limiting form of the asymmetric scattering) in contrast to the bi-refringence (the limiting case of the high-order narrowed scattering) occurring in the resonant scattering.
The influence of the initial-state preparation on the diffraction of atoms in the field of a standing wave is discussed. The solution of the coherent scattering problem for rather general initial conditions involving initial atomic wave-packet splitting in the momentum space is obtained. A different effect of narrowing of the interference fringes of the diffraction pattern caused by secondary interference during the standing-wave scattering is discovered. The effect takes place at a specific type of initial wave-packet splitting involving two translation states whose momenta differ by even photon momenta, corresponding to the same, ground or excited, internal state. It is shown that a higher-order narrowing can be achieved using binomial wave packets. Further, another case that causes an asymmetrically narrowed diffraction is presented. An atomic-beam-splitting technique based on the preparation of atoms by STIRAP is proposed.
The role of the initial-state preparation in the coherent diffraction of atoms in the field of a standing wave is considered. It is shown that the time evolution of the atomic wave packet with a Gaussian initial momentum distribution of amplitudes, due to the constructive quantum-mechanical interference, occurs practically without transformation of the initial Gaussian form. Depending on the phases of the initial momentum distribution components, the increment of the atomic momentum can vary from a maximum possible value (determined by the limiting speed of stimulated photon re-emission) to zero. Consequently, the standing wave presents an effective mirror for Gaussian atoms, the reflection angle being controllable.
The scattering of atoms by a resonance standing light wave is considered under conditions when the lower of two resonance levels is metastable, while the upper level rapidly decays due to mainly spontaneous radiative transitions to the nonresonance levels of an atom. The diffraction scattering regime is studied, when the Rabi frequency is sufficiently high and many diffraction maxima are formed due to scattering. The dynamics of spontaneous radiation of an atom is investigated. It is shown that scattering slows down substantially the radiative decay of the atom. The regions and characteristics of the power and exponential decay are determined. The adiabatic and nonadiabatic scattering regimes are studied. It is shown that the wave packets of atoms in the metastable and resonance excited states narrow down during scattering. A limiting (minimal) size of the wave packets is found, which is achieved upon nonadiabatic scattering in the case of a sufficiently long interaction time.
The role of the initial state preparation of the coherent diffraction of atoms in the field of a standing wave is considered. It is shown that the time evolution of the atomic wave packet with a Gaussian initial momentum distribution of amplitudes, due to the constructive quantum- mechanical interference, occurs practically without transformation of the initial Gaussian form. Depending on the phases of the initial momentum distribution components, the increment of the atomic momentum can vary from the maximum possible amount (determined by the limiting speed of stimulated photon re-emission acts) to zero. Consequently, for Gaussian atoms the standing wave presents an effective mirror with controllable reflection angle.
The influence of the initial state preparation by an interaction with resonant traveling waves on the anomalous standing wave scattering of a two-level system with magnetic sublevels for arbitrary coherency (1) between the atomic sublevels and (2) between the polarizations of counterpropagating waves is discussed. The potential of the magnetic sublevels and light polarization in the formation of specific types of split initial momentum distributions is pointed out. It is found a new effect of narrowing of the interference fringes of the diffraction pattern taking place at particular case of the initial wave packet splitting involving two translation states, whose momenta differ by two photon momenta, corresponding to the same energy level. It is shown that this narrowing can be combined with the known asymmetric scattering.
We consider the scattering of an atom by a sequence of two near-resonant standing light waves, each formed by two running waves with slightly different wave vectors. Due to opposite detunings of the two standing waves, within the rotating wave approximation, the adiabatic approximation applied to the atomic center-of-mass motion, and a smooth turning on and off of the interaction, the dynamical phase cancels out and the final state of the atom differs from the initial one only by the sum of the two Berry phases accumulated in the two interaction regions. This phase depends on the position of the atom in a way such that the wave packet emerging from the scattering region will focus, which constitutes a method to observe the Berry phase without resorting to interferometric methods.