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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Vectorial mechanism of nonlinearity enhancement in rubidium vapor

N. Korneev, Chrystian Gutiérrez Parra

Published Aug 30, 2012• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report the calculations of vectorial nonlinear properties of rubidium vapor for Rb87D2 transition at moderate intensities. The results are compared with self-rotation and diffraction experiments. Different from Kerr nonlinearity, optimal intensity exists here, which depends on beam geometry. For intensities close to the optimal, the vectorial mechanism is much more efficient than a scalar one, and strong self-action for wide beams can be obtained with it.

DOI
10.1364/josab.29.002588

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We report the calculations of vectorial nonlinear properties of rubidium vapor for Rb87D2 transition at moderate intensities. The results are compared with self-rotation and diffraction experiments. Different from Kerr nonlinearity, optimal intensity exists here, which depends on beam geometry. For intensities close to the optimal, the vectorial mechanism is much more efficient than a scalar one, and strong self-action for wide beams can be obtained with it.
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We investigate the nonlinear refraction and absorption related to holographic\nwriting in rubidium vapor at resonance with 87Rb D2 transition. The numerical\nmodel based on time-dependent density matrix formalism is used. The\ntheory adequately describes nonlinear optical rotation and absorption at light\nintensities in 0.1− 30mW / cm2 range.\nWe discuss two principal mechanisms. The first is based on absorption grating\nwriting and another grating formation mechanism based on Faraday rotation. It is\npromising for applications because it gives phase holograms with higher diffraction\nefficiency. The theory for both cases was developed.\nThe basic configurations for obtaining amplitude and phase gratings for nearly\nequal frequencies of writing beams are investigated experimentally, and the writing\ntime is estimated.\nWe also proposed a rapid solution algorithm for the calculation of the full density\nmatrix evolution for a multi-level atom. The calculation principle is similar to the\nsplit-step algorithm widely used for modeling the nonlinear propagation in media\nwith Kerr-type nonlinearity. The spectrum of nonlinear Faraday rotation in the D2\nnatural rubidium line is calculated and compared with the experiment. Good\nagreement is obtained.
We investigate the nonlinear refraction and absorption related to holographic writing in rubidium vapor at resonance with 87Rb D2 transition. The numerical model based on time-dependent density matrix formalism is used. The theory adequately describes nonlinear optical rotation and absorption at light intensities in the 0.1-30 mW/cm2 range. The basic configurations for obtaining amplitude and phase gratings for nearly equal frequencies of writing beams are investigated experimentally, and the writing time is estimated.
Characterizing the nonlinear optical properties of numerous materials plays a prerequisite role in nonlinear imaging and quantum sensing. Here, we present the evaluation of the nonlinear optical properties of Rb vapor by the Gaussian-Bessel beam assisted z-scan method. Owed to the concentrated energy in the central waist spot and the constant intensity of the beam distribution, the Gaussian-Bessel beam enables enhanced sensitivity for nonlinear refractive index measurement. The nonlinear self-focusing and self-defocusing effects of the Rb vapor are illustrated in the case of blue and red frequency detunings from 5S1/2 − 5P3/2 transition, respectively. The complete images of the evolution of nonlinear optical properties with laser power and frequency detuning are acquired. Furthermore, the nonlinear refractive index n2 with a large scale of 10−6 cm2/W is determined from the measured transmittance peak-to-valley difference of z-scan curves, which is enhanced by a factor of ∼ 1.73 compared to the result of a equivalent Gaussian beam. Our research provides an effective method for measuring nonlinear refractive index, which will considerably enrich the application range of nonlinear material.