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Dynamic holography recording in rubidium vapor

Olena Benavides

Published Sep 1, 2009• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We investigate the nonlinear refraction and absorption related to holographic\nwriting in rubidium vapor at resonance with 87Rb D2 transition. The numerical\nmodel based on time-dependent density matrix formalism is used. The\ntheory adequately describes nonlinear optical rotation and absorption at light\nintensities in 0.1− 30mW / cm2 range.\nWe discuss two principal mechanisms. The first is based on absorption grating\nwriting and another grating formation mechanism based on Faraday rotation. It is\npromising for applications because it gives phase holograms with higher diffraction\nefficiency. The theory for both cases was developed.\nThe basic configurations for obtaining amplitude and phase gratings for nearly\nequal frequencies of writing beams are investigated experimentally, and the writing\ntime is estimated.\nWe also proposed a rapid solution algorithm for the calculation of the full density\nmatrix evolution for a multi-level atom. The calculation principle is similar to the\nsplit-step algorithm widely used for modeling the nonlinear propagation in media\nwith Kerr-type nonlinearity. The spectrum of nonlinear Faraday rotation in the D2\nnatural rubidium line is calculated and compared with the experiment. Good\nagreement is obtained.

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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Feb 7, 2006•0 citations
We investigate the nonlinear refraction and absorption related to holographic\nwriting in rubidium vapor at resonance with 87Rb D2 transition. The numerical\nmodel based on time-dependent density matrix formalism is used. The\ntheory adequately describes nonlinear optical rotation and absorption at light\nintensities in 0.1− 30mW / cm2 range.\nWe discuss two principal mechanisms. The first is based on absorption grating\nwriting and another grating formation mechanism based on Faraday rotation. It is\npromising for applications because it gives phase holograms with higher diffraction\nefficiency. The theory for both cases was developed.\nThe basic configurations for obtaining amplitude and phase gratings for nearly\nequal frequencies of writing beams are investigated experimentally, and the writing\ntime is estimated.\nWe also proposed a rapid solution algorithm for the calculation of the full density\nmatrix evolution for a multi-level atom. The calculation principle is similar to the\nsplit-step algorithm widely used for modeling the nonlinear propagation in media\nwith Kerr-type nonlinearity. The spectrum of nonlinear Faraday rotation in the D2\nnatural rubidium line is calculated and compared with the experiment. Good\nagreement is obtained.
We investigate the nonlinear refraction and absorption related to holographic writing in rubidium vapor at resonance with 87Rb D2 transition. The numerical model based on time-dependent density matrix formalism is used. The theory adequately describes nonlinear optical rotation and absorption at light intensities in the 0.1-30 mW/cm2 range. The basic configurations for obtaining amplitude and phase gratings for nearly equal frequencies of writing beams are investigated experimentally, and the writing time is estimated.
The potentialities of diffraction methods for wavefront transformations may be considerably widened due to the use of nonlinear recording of dynamic holograms enabling multiwave mixing in media with the fifth and higher order nonlinearities. There is a great variety of such media including the resonant ones for which the presence of higher order nonlinearities is conditioned by the absorption saturation effect and transitions between different excited states of the molecules. However, in the majority of previous studies of multiwave mixing the resonant medium approximation has been used disregarding the induced anisotropy effect. This work presents a theoretical model and experimental studies of the energy efficiency of multiwave mixing in complex molecular media exhibiting higher order nonlinearities, in two cases: when the nonlinear cavity is introduced in the Fabry-Perot interferometer (IFP), and without it. Owing to the use of different combinations of mutually aligning polarizations for interacting waves, one is enabled to determine the contribution into the interaction efficiency by various dynamic gratings and nonlinearity mechanisms. The role of polarization gratings resultant from spatial modulation of the light field polarization state at the orthogonal polarization of the hologram recording waves has been established. Comparisons between the contributions of the above gratings and “normal” gratings recorded by identically polarized light beams into the process of multiwave mixing have demonstrated that the relation of these contributions is dependent on the intensity of interacting waves, and also it has been found that polarization of the diffracted wave is dependent on the diffraction order.
We investigate the enhancement of characteristic nonlinear phase shift in warm rubidium vapor for a signal beam using an additional pump laser at different frequency. A numerical model based on density matrix formalism is used. Experimental results of self-rotation and diffraction in a three-wave mixing process as well as beam amplification are shown. For 87Rb transition D2 line with Fg = 1, the nonlinearity to absorption ratio can be enhanced approximately two times with a pump beam tuned at Fg = 2 transition in a co-propagating scheme, which produces strong nonlinear interaction for Fg = 1 line at signal beam powers of ~10 mW.
One of the main advances of dynamical holography is the possibility to operate with coherent images in real-time experimental situation. Non-degenerate four-wave mixing has some advantages among different holographic methods because it gives the possibility to perform visualization of infra-red images or to convert visible radiation into ultra-violet region. In the work we study different schemes of frequency conversion of coherent images by thin and volume dynamic holograms nonlinearly formed in multilevel resonance media in conditions of non-degenerate four-wave mixing. The theoretical model of dynamic gratings formation in dye solutions based on coupled-wave equations has been developed. Experimental realization of frequency conversion of coherent images from infra-red to the visible and between different wavelengths of visible region has been performed. It has been shown that the criterion of hologram thickness is dependent on the optical density of medium and intensity of input radiation. The diffraction efficiency of dynamic gratings has been measured in conditions of optical bleaching and in the mode of strong absorption, enabling recording of thin gratings.