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Quantum Electronics

Characteristics of reflection of an ultrashort light pulse from a thin layer of a nonlinear medium

V. A. Yurevich

Published Oct 31, 1994• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A numerical analysis is used to formulate the conditions for the manifestation of bistable reflection of a quasimonochromatic light pulse from a thin layer of a resonant medium with nonlinear refraction. The duration of the light pulse is assumed to be less than the phase relaxation time of the nonlinear material. The nonlinearity is due to the existence, in the energy structure of the active atoms, of transitions adjacent to resonances.

DOI
10.1070/qe1994v024n10abeh000204

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A numerical analysis is used to formulate the conditions for the manifestation of bistable reflection of a quasimonochromatic light pulse from a thin layer of a resonant medium with nonlinear refraction. The duration of the light pulse is assumed to be less than the phase relaxation time of the nonlinear material. The nonlinearity is due to the existence, in the energy structure of the active atoms, of transitions adjacent to resonances.
We investigate the problem of resonant reflection and transmission of an ultrashort light pulse passing through a thin layer consisting of two-level atoms. The local-field correction that leads to an inversion-dependent resonance frequency generates a new mechanism of nonlinear transparency. When the excitation frequency is somewhat larger than the original resonant frequency, then the transmission of the layer exhibits a transient bistable behavior on the time scale of superradiation, which can be much shorter than the relaxation times. This type of bistability is essentially different from the ordinary stationary intrinsic bistability investigated earlier by other authors.
We investigate the problem of resonant re flection and transmission of an ultrashort light pulse passing through a medium consisting of two-level atoms. We show that for a thin layer it is important to take into account the difference between the external macroscopic field and the field acting on the individual atoms within the medium. The local field correction leads to an inversion dependent resonant frequency. In thin layers this generates a new mechanism of nonlinear transparency induced by the dynamical frequency shift. When the excitation frequency is larger than the original resonant frequency, then the transmission of the layer exhibits bistable behavior.
The reflection of short optical pulses from the boundary of a resonant medium is investigated theoretically by the coupled system of the Maxwell and optical Bloch equations. In order to describe the reflected wave, the slowly-varying-envelope approximation in space is not exploited. The coherent reflection is shown to be in connection with Dicke superradiance. It takes place if the relaxation time of the polarization is longer than the superradiation time of the atoms in an optically thin boundary layer of the medium. That is why much of the relevant information can be obtained already in the thin-medium limit, which is considered separately. The conditions of strong reflection from an extended medium are similar to the ones found for a thin sample. The transition into the incoherent and stationary regime is discussed.
The propagation of short light pulses in a three-level medium with reverse saturable absorption taking into account relaxation is considered. It is shown that in such a medium soliton-like pulses of constant duration can propagate. The areas in the five-dimensional parameter space in which such pulses can exist are determined by numerical methods. The parameters of the problem are the characteristics of the medium – the relaxation time, the ratio of the absorption cross sections of the first excited and ground states and the initial transmittance, as well as the characteristics of the pulse – the duration and intensity.
A study is made of the problem of transmission of light pulses by a boundary of a nonlinear medium under conditions of coherent interaction with matter. It is shown that in the case of a semiinfinite nonlinear medium the reflection coefficient is governed by the linear characteristics of the media in contact so that the boundary-value problem reduces to the Cauchy problem. In another case, when a nonlinear medium is a thin film at the interface between two linear media, it is found that such a film is an almost perfect mirror reflecting weak pulses but it becomes transparent to pulses of sufficiently high intensity and the mirror then modulates the amplitude of such pulses.