Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Optics Express

Bistability threshold inside hysteresis loop of nonlinear fiber Bragg gratings

Yosia Yosia, Shum Ping, Chao Lü

Published Jan 1, 2005• 23 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We show the Cross Phase Modulation (XPM) effect between CW probe that operates in bistability region and strong Gaussian pump in a Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) by Implicit 4th Order Runge-Kutta Method. The XPM effect results in three unique nonlinear switching behaviors of the probe transmission depending on the pump peak intensity and its Full Width Half Maximum (FWHM) value. From this observation, we offer the FBG three potential nonlinear switching applications in all-optical signal processing domain as: a step-up all-optical switching, an all-optical inverter, and an all-optical limiter. The bistability threshold that determines the nonlinear switching behaviors of probe transmission after Gaussian pump injection is defined numerically and shown to be equivalent to the unstable state inside hysteresis loop.

DOI
10.1364/opex.13.005127

Related papers

Analysis of optical switching in a Yb3+-doped fiber Bragg grating by using self-phase modulation and cross-phase modulation

Zhigang Zang, Yujun Zhang

The optical performances of the all-optical switching based on Yb3+-doped fiber Bragg grating (FBG) are investigated under the case of self-phase modulation (SPM) and cross-phase modulation (XPM). For the SPM case, the optical bistability of FBG under different parameters is investigated. It shows that the width of the hysteresis loop and threshold switching power are strongly dependent on the fiber grating length, fiber grating detuning, and coupling constant. For the XPM case, the expressions of the threshold switching power in the different detuning range are given. The influence of parameters about different detuning and coupling constant to the threshold switching power and extinction ratio are also studied. In comparison with the SPM case, the switching power of FBG under XPM case can be reduced to less than 20 mW by optimizing the parameters of FBG.

Applied Optics•May 30, 2012•169 citations

Optical Bistability in Periodic Media with Third-, Fifth-, and Seventh-Order Nonlinearities

Yosia Yosia, Perry Ping Shum

In this paper, the numerical studies on optical-bistability phenomena in third-, fifth-, and seventh-order nonlinear periodic media are presented. By cross-phase modulation with strong Gaussian pump, the continuous-wave probe transmission that operates in bistability regime can be permanently switched from low to high and vice versa using the property of the unstable state. While there is only one hysteresis in the third-order nonlinear periodic media, double hysteresis are observed in the nonlinear-transmission characteristics of pi phase-shifted periodic media with third-fifth and third-fifth-seventh-order nonlinearities. In the context of double hysteresis, unique-bistability regime is defined where the high state can be reached as input comes from low to high with fast enough rise time such that the output rises above the unstable state during its transient. Finally, all-optical transistor operation is shown as a prominent application of optical bistability based on the unstable-state principle

Journal of Lightwave Technology•Mar 1, 2007•23 citations

Study on characteristics of optical bistable devices based on fiber Bragg grating

Yongjun Peng, Kun Qiu, Baojian Wu +1 more

The simulation model to bistable characteristics of grating is established by numerically solving the nonlinear coupledmode equations of Fiber Bragg Grating using 3-stage 4-order semi-implicit Runge - Kutta method. The impact of the grating parameters and operating point on S-shaped hysteresis loop parameters is researched. The results show that the area of S-shaped hysteresis loop, bistable operating condition, bistable threshold and dynamic range can be adjusted by changing the operating wavelength and grating parameters, such as grating length, grating apodization and average refractive index modulation depth of grating.

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Nov 20, 2009•5 citations

Bistability and Switching in a Phase Shifted PT-Symmetric Fiber Bragg Grating

S. Hari Ramakrishnan, S. Vignesh Raja, A. Govindarajan +1 more

Using implicit Rungee-Kutta 4thorder method, we numerically report the optical bistablity and switching exhibited by a π-phase shifted nonlinear FBG with balanced gain and loss. Every control parameter which accounts for the variation in the hysteresis curve exhibited by the system is examined in detail. We begin with assessing the role of device length on the optical bistability and find that our system can exhibit switching at very short length of the fiber. Subsequently, the influence of coupling constant, detuning parameter and the nonlinearity on the switching power is also studied. The device exhibits switching at extremely low input intensities. Also, the effect of including the PT-symmetry on the switching characteristics of the device is investigated in brief.

International Conference on Vision Towards Emerging Trends in Communication and Networking (ViTECoN)•Mar 1, 2019•0 citations

Nonlinear switching and pulse propagation in phase-shifted cubic quintic grating

Yosia Yosia, Shum Ping, Chao Lü

We investigate numerically the nonlinear switching characteristics and pulse propagation behavior in the phase-shifted cubic quintic grating (CQG). The continuous-wave nonlinear switching curve shows an interesting feature whereby two switching thresholds and consequently double bistability hysteresis are formed in a certain detuning window. We show the unique bistability (U-bistability) region close to the upper-switching threshold in each of the hysteresis, where the high state in U-bistability can be reached when input is coming from low to high with fast rise time. For medium peak intensity Gaussian pulse propagation in phase-shifted CQG, the full-width at half-maximum of the output pulse varies in upward parabolic manner as the peak intensity increases, whereas for high peak intensity Gaussian pulse propagation, the output pulse will experience distortion from the Gaussian shape because of the compression in its leading edge and broadening in its trailing edge concurrently.

IEEE Photonics Technology Letters•Nov 22, 2005•11 citations

Bistability of ultrashort pulses in FBG under different nonlinearity profiles

Paulo Victor Ferreira Pinto, T. M. Pessoa, J. M. Jacinto +3 more

In this work, we studied the optical bistability of Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) under nonlinear regime, considering three increasing and decreasing profiles of nonlinearity: linear, quadratic and exponential. We varied the nonlinearity range in each profile, and obtained different curves of bistability and reflectivity. We analyzed the powers [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], as well as the width of the photonic band gap ([Formula: see text] of each device under different nonlinearity profiles, and we observed the changes in reflectivity of the FBG. The power intensities [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] obtained for the bistability of decreasing profiles were lower than those obtained for the increasing profiles, and the values of [Formula: see text] were also lower in decreasing profiles, which is useful for optical switching applications.

Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials•Jun 1, 2017•3 citations
We show the Cross Phase Modulation (XPM) effect between CW probe that operates in bistability region and strong Gaussian pump in a Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) by Implicit 4th Order Runge-Kutta Method. The XPM effect results in three unique nonlinear switching behaviors of the probe transmission depending on the pump peak intensity and its Full Width Half Maximum (FWHM) value. From this observation, we offer the FBG three potential nonlinear switching applications in all-optical signal processing domain as: a step-up all-optical switching, an all-optical inverter, and an all-optical limiter. The bistability threshold that determines the nonlinear switching behaviors of probe transmission after Gaussian pump injection is defined numerically and shown to be equivalent to the unstable state inside hysteresis loop.
The optical performances of the all-optical switching based on Yb3+-doped fiber Bragg grating (FBG) are investigated under the case of self-phase modulation (SPM) and cross-phase modulation (XPM). For the SPM case, the optical bistability of FBG under different parameters is investigated. It shows that the width of the hysteresis loop and threshold switching power are strongly dependent on the fiber grating length, fiber grating detuning, and coupling constant. For the XPM case, the expressions of the threshold switching power in the different detuning range are given. The influence of parameters about different detuning and coupling constant to the threshold switching power and extinction ratio are also studied. In comparison with the SPM case, the switching power of FBG under XPM case can be reduced to less than 20 mW by optimizing the parameters of FBG.
In this paper, the numerical studies on optical-bistability phenomena in third-, fifth-, and seventh-order nonlinear periodic media are presented. By cross-phase modulation with strong Gaussian pump, the continuous-wave probe transmission that operates in bistability regime can be permanently switched from low to high and vice versa using the property of the unstable state. While there is only one hysteresis in the third-order nonlinear periodic media, double hysteresis are observed in the nonlinear-transmission characteristics of pi phase-shifted periodic media with third-fifth and third-fifth-seventh-order nonlinearities. In the context of double hysteresis, unique-bistability regime is defined where the high state can be reached as input comes from low to high with fast enough rise time such that the output rises above the unstable state during its transient. Finally, all-optical transistor operation is shown as a prominent application of optical bistability based on the unstable-state principle
The simulation model to bistable characteristics of grating is established by numerically solving the nonlinear coupledmode equations of Fiber Bragg Grating using 3-stage 4-order semi-implicit Runge - Kutta method. The impact of the grating parameters and operating point on S-shaped hysteresis loop parameters is researched. The results show that the area of S-shaped hysteresis loop, bistable operating condition, bistable threshold and dynamic range can be adjusted by changing the operating wavelength and grating parameters, such as grating length, grating apodization and average refractive index modulation depth of grating.
Using implicit Rungee-Kutta 4thorder method, we numerically report the optical bistablity and switching exhibited by a π-phase shifted nonlinear FBG with balanced gain and loss. Every control parameter which accounts for the variation in the hysteresis curve exhibited by the system is examined in detail. We begin with assessing the role of device length on the optical bistability and find that our system can exhibit switching at very short length of the fiber. Subsequently, the influence of coupling constant, detuning parameter and the nonlinearity on the switching power is also studied. The device exhibits switching at extremely low input intensities. Also, the effect of including the PT-symmetry on the switching characteristics of the device is investigated in brief.
We investigate numerically the nonlinear switching characteristics and pulse propagation behavior in the phase-shifted cubic quintic grating (CQG). The continuous-wave nonlinear switching curve shows an interesting feature whereby two switching thresholds and consequently double bistability hysteresis are formed in a certain detuning window. We show the unique bistability (U-bistability) region close to the upper-switching threshold in each of the hysteresis, where the high state in U-bistability can be reached when input is coming from low to high with fast rise time. For medium peak intensity Gaussian pulse propagation in phase-shifted CQG, the full-width at half-maximum of the output pulse varies in upward parabolic manner as the peak intensity increases, whereas for high peak intensity Gaussian pulse propagation, the output pulse will experience distortion from the Gaussian shape because of the compression in its leading edge and broadening in its trailing edge concurrently.
In this work, we studied the optical bistability of Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) under nonlinear regime, considering three increasing and decreasing profiles of nonlinearity: linear, quadratic and exponential. We varied the nonlinearity range in each profile, and obtained different curves of bistability and reflectivity. We analyzed the powers [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], as well as the width of the photonic band gap ([Formula: see text] of each device under different nonlinearity profiles, and we observed the changes in reflectivity of the FBG. The power intensities [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] obtained for the bistability of decreasing profiles were lower than those obtained for the increasing profiles, and the values of [Formula: see text] were also lower in decreasing profiles, which is useful for optical switching applications.