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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Study on characteristics of optical bistable devices based on fiber Bragg grating

Yongjun Peng, Kun Qiu, Baojian Wu, Siwei Ji

Published Nov 20, 2009• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The simulation model to bistable characteristics of grating is established by numerically solving the nonlinear coupledmode equations of Fiber Bragg Grating using 3-stage 4-order semi-implicit Runge - Kutta method. The impact of the grating parameters and operating point on S-shaped hysteresis loop parameters is researched. The results show that the area of S-shaped hysteresis loop, bistable operating condition, bistable threshold and dynamic range can be adjusted by changing the operating wavelength and grating parameters, such as grating length, grating apodization and average refractive index modulation depth of grating.

DOI
10.1117/12.850879

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The simulation model to bistable characteristics of grating is established by numerically solving the nonlinear coupledmode equations of Fiber Bragg Grating using 3-stage 4-order semi-implicit Runge - Kutta method. The impact of the grating parameters and operating point on S-shaped hysteresis loop parameters is researched. The results show that the area of S-shaped hysteresis loop, bistable operating condition, bistable threshold and dynamic range can be adjusted by changing the operating wavelength and grating parameters, such as grating length, grating apodization and average refractive index modulation depth of grating.
The nonlinear phenomena of optical bistablity is investigated analytically in chalcogenide glass long period fiber grating. Using the basic sets of nonlinear coupled mode equation the expression for the transmittivity of grating has been derived under nonlinear Kerr regime. To examine the bistable charateristics of the grating, the operating wavelength is considerd slightly above the resonance wavelength of 1550 nm i.e. for off resonance condition where detuning parameter δ≠0. It is observed that the intensity of the transmitted wave increases with increasing input intensity and reaches its maximum value at particular intensity. On gradual reduction of the input intensity, the transmitted intensity does not retrace the same path, resulting in a hysteresis loop. This hysteresis loop shows that the LPFG supports the occurrence of optical bistability.
We show the Cross Phase Modulation (XPM) effect between CW probe that operates in bistability region and strong Gaussian pump in a Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) by Implicit 4th Order Runge-Kutta Method. The XPM effect results in three unique nonlinear switching behaviors of the probe transmission depending on the pump peak intensity and its Full Width Half Maximum (FWHM) value. From this observation, we offer the FBG three potential nonlinear switching applications in all-optical signal processing domain as: a step-up all-optical switching, an all-optical inverter, and an all-optical limiter. The bistability threshold that determines the nonlinear switching behaviors of probe transmission after Gaussian pump injection is defined numerically and shown to be equivalent to the unstable state inside hysteresis loop.
The optical performances of the all-optical switching based on Yb3+-doped fiber Bragg grating (FBG) are investigated under the case of self-phase modulation (SPM) and cross-phase modulation (XPM). For the SPM case, the optical bistability of FBG under different parameters is investigated. It shows that the width of the hysteresis loop and threshold switching power are strongly dependent on the fiber grating length, fiber grating detuning, and coupling constant. For the XPM case, the expressions of the threshold switching power in the different detuning range are given. The influence of parameters about different detuning and coupling constant to the threshold switching power and extinction ratio are also studied. In comparison with the SPM case, the switching power of FBG under XPM case can be reduced to less than 20 mW by optimizing the parameters of FBG.
The influence of grating length and fringe visibility for slow light of fiber Bragg gratings were investigated by numerical simulation method,and slow light after optimizing the parameters was proposed emphatically.The results showed that the slow light delay increases with grating length and modulation depth,and change rates increases gradually.A certain bandwidth of resonance peaks on both sides of the side lobe and the peak top become extremely flattened.The slow light delay curves are red-shifted and short wave strengths increase to the opposite direction.The right side of the center frequency spectrum side band has a great vibration.By optimizing the structure parameters,the maximum group velocity can be lowed to c/98.This provides theoretical basis for designing the slow light devices based on fiber Bragg gratings.