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Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials

Bistability of ultrashort pulses in FBG under different nonlinearity profiles

Paulo Victor Ferreira Pinto, T. M. Pessoa, J. M. Jacinto, Juscelino Chaves Sales, António Carlos Ferreira, Glendo de Freitas Guimarães

Published Jun 1, 2017• 3 citations

Abstract

In this work, we studied the optical bistability of Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) under nonlinear regime, considering three increasing and decreasing profiles of nonlinearity: linear, quadratic and exponential. We varied the nonlinearity range in each profile, and obtained different curves of bistability and reflectivity. We analyzed the powers [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], as well as the width of the photonic band gap ([Formula: see text] of each device under different nonlinearity profiles, and we observed the changes in reflectivity of the FBG. The power intensities [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] obtained for the bistability of decreasing profiles were lower than those obtained for the increasing profiles, and the values of [Formula: see text] were also lower in decreasing profiles, which is useful for optical switching applications.

DOI: 10.1142/s0218863517500229

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In this work, we studied the optical bistability of Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) under nonlinear regime, considering three increasing and decreasing profiles of nonlinearity: linear, quadratic and exponential. We varied the nonlinearity range in each profile, and obtained different curves of bistability and reflectivity. We analyzed the powers [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], as well as the width of the photonic band gap ([Formula: see text] of each device under different nonlinearity profiles, and we observed the changes in reflectivity of the FBG. The power intensities [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] obtained for the bistability of decreasing profiles were lower than those obtained for the increasing profiles, and the values of [Formula: see text] were also lower in decreasing profiles, which is useful for optical switching applications.

Using implicit Rungee-Kutta 4thorder method, we numerically report the optical bistablity and switching exhibited by a π-phase shifted nonlinear FBG with balanced gain and loss. Every control parameter which accounts for the variation in the hysteresis curve exhibited by the system is examined in detail. We begin with assessing the role of device length on the optical bistability and find that our system can exhibit switching at very short length of the fiber. Subsequently, the influence of coupling constant, detuning parameter and the nonlinearity on the switching power is also studied. The device exhibits switching at extremely low input intensities. Also, the effect of including the PT-symmetry on the switching characteristics of the device is investigated in brief.

Optical bistability in a nonlinearly reflective fiber grating through the mode coupling between the LP/sub 01/ and counter propagation LP/sub 02/ modes (i,e., the reflective LP/sub 01//spl rlhar2/LP/sub 02/ mode converter) is investigated by using the coupled-mode theory. Both the transmissive and the reflective properties of this nonlinear device are analyzed, which show that the output-versus-input relation exhibits the optical bistability. The switching power and the bistable hysteresis performances are also discussed. In addition, the comparison between the nonlinearly reflective mode converter (LP/sub 01//spl rlhar2/LP/sub 02/) and the nonlinear fiber Bragg grating reflector (i,e., the LP/sub 01/ and counter-propagation LP/sub 01/ modes) is also presented. It is shown that the former has much lower switching power than the latter.>

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The nonlinear phenomena of optical bistablity is investigated analytically in chalcogenide glass long period fiber grating. Using the basic sets of nonlinear coupled mode equation the expression for the transmittivity of grating has been derived under nonlinear Kerr regime. To examine the bistable charateristics of the grating, the operating wavelength is considerd slightly above the resonance wavelength of 1550 nm i.e. for off resonance condition where detuning parameter δ≠0. It is observed that the intensity of the transmitted wave increases with increasing input intensity and reaches its maximum value at particular intensity. On gradual reduction of the input intensity, the transmitted intensity does not retrace the same path, resulting in a hysteresis loop. This hysteresis loop shows that the LPFG supports the occurrence of optical bistability.