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Physical Review A

Classical phase locking in adiabatic rapid passage

H. Maeda, Jirakan Nunkaew, Thomas F. Gallagher

Published May 29, 2007• 12 citations
Publisher

Abstract

When a Rydberg atom is slowly swept through a dipole allowed resonance with an oscillating field adiabatic rapid passage (ARP) from one state to the other can occur. By measuring the time resolved momentum of a Rydberg electron with a half cycle pulse we demonstrate that during ARP the classical oscillating dipole due to the orbital motion of the electron becomes phase locked to the microwave field driving the resonance. Depending on the direction of the sweep through resonance, the atom is in one or the other of the two Floquet eigenstates in which the electron is phase locked in or $\ensuremath{\pi}$ out of phase with the driving field. In contrast, in Rabi oscillations the electron motion oscillates between leading and lagging the driving microwave field.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.75.053417

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When a Rydberg atom is slowly swept through a dipole allowed resonance with an oscillating field adiabatic rapid passage (ARP) from one state to the other can occur. By measuring the time resolved momentum of a Rydberg electron with a half cycle pulse we demonstrate that during ARP the classical oscillating dipole due to the orbital motion of the electron becomes phase locked to the microwave field driving the resonance. Depending on the direction of the sweep through resonance, the atom is in one or the other of the two Floquet eigenstates in which the electron is phase locked in or \ensuremathπ\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremathπ out of phase with the driving field. In contrast, in Rabi oscillations the electron motion oscillates between leading and lagging the driving microwave field.
Abstract : When an electromagnetic field, coupling two levels of an atomic or molecular system, has its frequency swept across resonance, population reversal can occur as a result of the coherent transient phenomenon known as adiabatic rapid passage (ARP). For this phenomenon to occur, the frequency sweep rate is required to be rapid with respect to the relaxation processes occuring in the system, and at the same time slow enough so that the system can follow the frequency sweep adiabatically. The present investigations treat ARP in the 87Rb hyperfine transition, where optical pumping produces a population imbalance in the ground-state hyperfine levels, and where the influence of a microwave frequency swept across the hyperfine resonance is monitored by the transmitted intensity of the optical pumping laser. These parameters relate to how adiabatic and how rapid the passage through resonance must be in order to maximize the degree of population reversal. We find both experimentally and theoretically that the adiabaticity requirement is rather weak, and that once satisfied, it is more important to pass through the resonance rapidly. Furthermore, interpreting our results in the Bloch vector model f ARP, we find that the Block vector is only required to precess a half revolution about the effective field in order to follow a 90 degree change in the direction of that field. The applicability of the present results of ARP in general is discussed. Originator supplied keywords include: Adiabatic rapid passage, Atomic line shapes, Quantum mechanics.
It is possible to make nondispersing Bohr wave packets in a straightforward way starting from Li Rydberg atoms in an np eigenstate[2]. These atoms are first exposed to a linearly polarized microwave field at the orbital frequency, 17.6GHz at n = 72. The linearly polarized field phase locks the electron wave packet to the microwave phase, making a nondispersing wave packet in which the electron oscillates in a highly eccentric, approximately linear orbit. We detect the phase locked motion of the electron with a 1/2ps half-cycle pulse synchronized with the microwave field. Slowly changing the microwave polarization from linear to circular polarization creates a nondispersing Bohr wave packet that survives for thousands of orbits.
In an atomic ensemble, quantum information is typically carried as single collective excitations. It is very advantageous if the creation of single excitations is efficient and robust. A Rydberg blockade enables deterministic creation of single excitations via a collective Rabi oscillation by precisely controlling the pulse area, being sensitive to many experimental parameters. In this paper, we implement the adiabatic rapid passage technique to the Rydberg excitation process in a mesoscopic atomic ensemble. We make use of a two-photon excitation scheme with an intermediate state off-resonant and sweep the laser frequency of one excitation laser. We find the chirped scheme preserves internal phases of the collective Rydberg excitation and is more robust against variance of laser intensity and frequency detuning.
The population of atoms in Rydberg states is efficiently transferred with a change in principal quantum number nnn of up to ten via multiphoton adiabatic rapid passage through a single multiphoton resonance using a frequency-chirped microwave pulse. A quantum-mechanical picture of multiphoton adiabatic rapid passage in a one-dimensional atom using a Floquet approach provides a good description of most, but not all, of the observed phenomena.
Abstract We analyze the excitation of two ground state atoms to a double Rydberg state by a two-photon chirped optical pulse in the regime of adiabatic rapid passage (ARP). For intermediate Rydberg–Rydberg interaction strengths relevant for atoms separated by ∼ten μ m, adiabatic excitation can be achieved at experimentally feasible Rabi frequencies and chirp rates of the pulses, resulting in high transfer efficiencies. We also study the adiabatic transfer between ground and Rydberg states as a means to realize a controlled phase gate between atomic qubits.