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arXiv:2101.01987 · Physical Review A

Experimental creation of single Rydberg excitations via adiabatic passage

Ming-Ti Zhou, Jian-Long Liu, Peng-Fei Sun, Zi-Ye An, Jun Li, Xiao‐Hui Bao, Jian-Wei Pan

Published Jul 6, 2020• 12 citations
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Abstract

In an atomic ensemble, quantum information is typically carried as single collective excitations. It is very advantageous if the creation of single excitations is efficient and robust. A Rydberg blockade enables deterministic creation of single excitations via a collective Rabi oscillation by precisely controlling the pulse area, being sensitive to many experimental parameters. In this paper, we implement the adiabatic rapid passage technique to the Rydberg excitation process in a mesoscopic atomic ensemble. We make use of a two-photon excitation scheme with an intermediate state off-resonant and sweep the laser frequency of one excitation laser. We find the chirped scheme preserves internal phases of the collective Rydberg excitation and is more robust against variance of laser intensity and frequency detuning.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.102.013706

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In an atomic ensemble, quantum information is typically carried as single collective excitations. It is very advantageous if the creation of single excitations is efficient and robust. A Rydberg blockade enables deterministic creation of single excitations via a collective Rabi oscillation by precisely controlling the pulse area, being sensitive to many experimental parameters. In this paper, we implement the adiabatic rapid passage technique to the Rydberg excitation process in a mesoscopic atomic ensemble. We make use of a two-photon excitation scheme with an intermediate state off-resonant and sweep the laser frequency of one excitation laser. We find the chirped scheme preserves internal phases of the collective Rydberg excitation and is more robust against variance of laser intensity and frequency detuning.
We propose to use adiabatic rapid passage with a chirped laser pulse in the strong dipole blockade regime to deterministically excite only one Rydberg atom from randomly loaded optical dipole traps or optical lattices. The chirped laser excitation is shown to be insensitive to the random number NNN of the atoms in the traps. Our method overcomes the problem of the N\sqrt{N}N​ dependence of the collective Rabi frequency, which was the main obstacle for deterministic single-atom excitation in the ensembles with unknown NNN, and can be applied for single-atom loading of dipole traps and optical lattices.
Abstract We review methods for coherently controlling Rydberg quantum states of atomic ensembles using adiabatic rapid passage and stimulated Raman adiabatic passage. These methods are commonly used for population inversion in simple two-level and three-level systems. We show that adiabatic techniques allow us to control population and phase dynamics of complex entangled states of mesoscopic atomic ensembles for quantum information processing with Rydberg atoms. We also propose several schemes of single-qubit and two-qubit gates based on adiabatic passage, Rydberg blockade and Förster resonances in Rydberg atoms.
We propose an efficient free-space scheme to create single photons in a well-defined spatiotemporal mode. To that end, we first prepare a single source atom in an excited Rydberg state. The source atom interacts with a large ensemble of ground-state atoms via a laser-mediated dipole-dipole exchange interaction. Using an adiabatic passage with a chirped laser pulse, we produce a spatially extended spin wave of a single Rydberg excitation in the ensemble, accompanied by the transition of the source atom to another Rydberg state. The collective atomic excitation can then be converted to a propagating optical photon via a coherent coupling field. In contrast to previous approaches, our single-photon source does not rely on the strong coupling of a single emitter to a resonant cavity, nor does it require the heralding of collective excitation or complete Rydberg blockade of multiple excitations in the atomic ensemble.
Abstract We analyze the excitation of two ground state atoms to a double Rydberg state by a two-photon chirped optical pulse in the regime of adiabatic rapid passage (ARP). For intermediate Rydberg–Rydberg interaction strengths relevant for atoms separated by ∼ten μ m, adiabatic excitation can be achieved at experimentally feasible Rabi frequencies and chirp rates of the pulses, resulting in high transfer efficiencies. We also study the adiabatic transfer between ground and Rydberg states as a means to realize a controlled phase gate between atomic qubits.
Rydberg antiblockade, or facilitation, governs interaction-assisted excitation dynamics that generate a wide variety of collective phenomena and correlated many-body behavior, while also forming the basis of protocols for entangling gates, state transfer, and quantum sensing. Despite its rich physics, experimental realization of facilitation has been fragile because the resonance condition requires precise matching between interaction shifts and laser detuning, making the process highly sensitive to atomic position disorder and parameter fluctuations. To overcome this limitation, we develop a robust implementation of Rydberg facilitation based on rapid adiabatic passage. By adiabatically sweeping the laser detuning across the interaction-shifted resonance, our approach is inherently insensitive to typical experimental imperfections. As a direct demonstration, we show that this adiabatically protected facilitation naturally gives rise to avalanche excitation growth in both one- and two-dimensional arrays. This avalanche process yields high gain with exceptionally low background, making it promising for rare-event detection. More broadly, by completely eliminating disorder sensitivity, our approach transforms Rydberg facilitation from an experimentally elusive regime into a robust mechanism implementable with standard cooling techniques and existing optical tweezer platforms, bridging the gap between theoretical proposals and disorder-free experimental realizations of antiblockade-based quantum control.